1.1 本指南提供了有关海岸线类型和敏感栖息地的信息，可作为漏油后选择适当清洁技术的指南。本指南不涉及受保护的考古、历史或文化遗址。 1.2 本指南的重点是可能面临石油泄漏风险的沿海和内陆栖息地的典型物理和生物属性。它审查并涵盖代表各种敏感性的整个海岸线类型。它主要基于第节中列出的NOAA和API出版物 2. . 1.3 本指南仅就各种栖息地的清洁策略提供了非常广泛的指导。有关更深入的指导，请参阅第节 2. ，参考文件。 1.4 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准值。本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.5 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.6 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 3.1 对受油海岸线作出合理清理决策的关键考虑之一是受影响区域的相对敏感性。某些区域非常敏感，某些清洁方法可能弊大于利。在这种情况下，自然恢复将是首选方法。 在其他情况下，根据油的类型，存在的油量可能非常大，除非进行积极干预，否则开采将显著延迟或根本不会发生。 3.2 本指南提供了第节所列出版物的摘要信息 2. 海岸线对沿海和内陆栖息地的相对物理和生物敏感性。在进行清洁操作之前，请将本指南与参考出版物和ASTM指南一起使用，以做出明智的决定。依法咨询相关政府机构。 3.3 海岸线和资源的相对敏感性与许多因素有关: 3.3.1 海岸线类型（基底、粒度、潮位等）， 3.3.2 生物生产力、多样性和脆弱性， 3.3.3 暴露于波浪和潮汐能，以及 3.3.4 能够在不造成进一步损坏的情况下进行清理。

1.1 This guide provides information on shoreline types and sensitive habitats that can be used as guidance for selecting appropriate cleaning techniques following an oil spill. This guide does not address protected archaeological, historical, or cultural sites. 1.2 This guide’s emphasis is on typical physical and biological attributes of coastal and inland habitats that could be at risk from oil spills. It reviews and encompasses the entire spectrum of shoreline types representing a wide range of sensitivities. It is largely based on NOAA’s and API’s publications listed in Section 2 . 1.3 This guide provides only very broad guidance on cleaning strategies for the various habitats. For more in-depth guidance, the reader is referred to Section 2 , Referenced Documents. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 3.1 One of the key considerations in making sound cleanup decisions for oiled shorelines is the relative sensitivity of the impacted area. Some areas are very sensitive and certain cleaning methods could cause more harm than benefit. In such cases, natural recovery will be the preferred approach. In other cases, depending on the type of oil, the amount of oil present may be so extensive that recovery will be significantly delayed or not occur at all unless active intervention is carried out. 3.2 This guide presents summary information taken from publications listed in Section 2 on the relative physical and biological sensitivities of shorelines for coastal and inland habitats. Use this guide together with the referenced publications and ASTM guides to make informed decisions prior to undertaking cleaning operations. Consult appropriate government agencies according to law. 3.3 The relative sensitivities of shorelines and resources relate to a number of factors: 3.3.1 Shoreline type (substrate, grain size, tidal elevation, etc.), 3.3.2 Biological productivity, diversity and vulnerability, 3.3.3 Exposure to wave and tidal energy, and 3.3.4 Ability to conduct cleanup without further damage.