1.1 描述了测量一氧化碳、二氧化碳、氧气、氮氧化物、硫氧化物、羰基硫、卤化氢、氰化氢、醛和碳氢化合物的分析方法，以及采样注意事项。其中许多气体可能存在于任何火灾环境中。描述了每种气体物种的几种分析技术，以及每种技术的优缺点。测试环境、采样约束、分析范围和精度通常决定了一种分析方法的使用。 1.2 这些技术已用于在火灾试验条件下（实验室、小规模或全规模）测量气体。在适当的采样考虑下，这些方法中的任何一种都可以用于大多数火灾环境中的测量。 1.3 本文件旨在为研究人员和小组委员会制定标准试验方法提供指南。不建议对任何化学物质使用单一分析技术，除非该技术是唯一可用的技术。 1.4 本文所述技术可用于确定采集用于分析的总样品中特定气体的浓度。这些技术不能确定试样在燃烧试验期间产生的燃烧气体总量。 1.5 本标准用于测量和描述材料、产品或组件在受控条件下对热量和火焰的响应，但其本身并不包括在实际火灾条件下对材料、产品或组件进行火灾危险或火灾风险评估所需的所有因素。 1.6 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.7 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 由于吸入火灾气体会导致火灾中的生命损失，因此对这些物种的分析备受关注。分析涉及几种新的或改进的方法，因为常用的分析技术通常被证明不适用于各种气体和火灾气体混合物中存在的低浓度的组合。 4.2 在测量火灾气体时，必须使用可靠且适用于给定火灾环境独特大气的程序。为了最大限度地提高测试结果的可靠性，必须确定以下内容: 4.2.1 气体样品代表采样点存在的成分， 4.2.2 样品的转移和预处理不会发生损失，或具有已知的效率，以及 4.2.3 分析仪器提供的数据对于采样点的成分和浓度是准确的。 4.3 本文件包括一项全面调查，该调查将允许在分析化学研究中具有技术技能和实践经验的个人从备选方案中选择合适的技术。它不会为程序的设置和使用提供足够的信息（参考资料中提供了该信息）。 4.4 使用本文件中引用的技术生成的数据不应用于出于监管目的对材料进行排名。

1.1 Analytical methods for the measurement of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, carbonyl sulfide, hydrogen halides, hydrogen cyanide, aldehydes, and hydrocarbons are described, along with sampling considerations. Many of these gases may be present in any fire environment. Several analytical techniques are described for each gaseous species, together with advantages and disadvantages of each. The test environment, sampling constraints, analytical range, and accuracy often dictate use of one analytical method over another. 1.2 These techniques have been used to measure gases under fire test conditions (laboratory, small scale, or full scale). With proper sampling considerations, any of these methods could be used for measurement in most fire environments. 1.3 This document is intended to be a guide for investigators and for subcommittee use in developing standard test methods. A single analytical technique has not been recommended for any chemical species unless that technique is the only one available. 1.4 The techniques described herein can be used to determine the concentration of a specific gas in the total sample collected for analysis. These techniques do not determine the total amount of fire gases that would be generated by a specimen during a fire test. 1.5 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assembles to heat and flame under controlled conditions but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 Because of the loss of life in fires from inhalation of fire gases, much attention has been focused on the analyses of these species. Analysis has involved several new or modified methods, since common analytical techniques have often proven to be inappropriate for the combinations of various gases and low concentrations existing in fire gas mixtures. 4.2 In the measurement of fire gases, it is imperative to use procedures that are both reliable and appropriate to the unique atmosphere of a given fire environment. To maximize the reliability of test results, it is essential to establish the following: 4.2.1 That gaseous samples are representative of the compositions existing at the point of sampling, 4.2.2 That transfer and pretreatment of samples occur without loss, or with known efficiency, and 4.2.3 That data provided by the analytical instruments are accurate for the compositions and concentrations at the point of sampling. 4.3 This document includes a comprehensive survey that will permit an individual, technically skilled and practiced in the study of analytical chemistry, to select a suitable technique from among the alternatives. It will not provide enough information for the setup and use of a procedure (this information is available in the references). 4.4 Data generated by the use of techniques cited in this document should not be used to rank materials for regulatory purposes.