本研究的主要目的是调查饲料溶液的影响 化学成分对性能和污垢的影响，包括生物污垢和非生物污垢 各种反渗透（RO）和纳滤（NF）膜的污染。污垢实验采用四因素析因设计 自变量:二价阳离子浓度，一价阳离子浓度， 溶解有机碳（DOC）浓度和膜类型表示为 分子量截止值（MWCO）和粗糙度，每一个都有三个级别 34析因设计。 测试的膜如下:TFC-S（科赫膜系统公司，旧金山） 加利福尼亚州迭戈市），MWCO为200Da，粗糙度为35.64nm；4040-UHA- ESPA（加利福尼亚州圣迭戈Hydranautics），MWCO为100-300Da，粗糙度为 78.39nm；NTR 7450（加利福尼亚州圣迭戈Hydranautics），MWCO为500Da 粗糙度为27.84nm。在280磅/平方英寸、120磅/平方英寸和 分别为120磅/平方英寸。使用平板测试装置（Osmonics，Minneetonka， MN），其中包含一个具有155cm2活性膜面积的细胞。给水不足 从进料罐泵入试验装置，所有浓缩液流量均为 回收至进料罐，以增加膜的污染可能性。新 用去离子水冲洗膜，然后浸泡膜表面 在去离子水中过夜，并立即再次冲洗 在安装到过滤单元之前。 还对污染的膜进行了非生物污染和生物污染试验 在每次实验后描述膜上的污垢。薄膜 试样在碱性（0.1M NaOH）溶液中浸泡一夜，然后在UV254中浸泡 通过测量浊度来表征膜的非生物污染。 通过从膜上分离生物膜来测量膜的生物污染 膜表面和测量异养平板计数（HPC）。包括9个参考文献、图表。

The main objective of this study was to investigate the influence of the feed solution chemical composition on the performance and fouling, both biofouling and abiotic fouling, of various reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes. Fouling experiments were performed as a factorial design with four independent variables: divalent cation concentration, monovalent cation concentration, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration and membrane type denoted by Molecule Weight Cut-Off (MWCO) and roughness, each with three levels to produce a 34 factorial design. The membranes tested were the following: TFC-S (Koch Membrane Systems, San Diego, CA) with MWCO of 200Da and the roughness of 35.64nm; 4040-UHA- ESPA (Hydranautics, San Diego, CA) with MWCO of 100-300Da and the roughness of 78.39nm; and, NTR 7450 (Hydranautics, San Diego, CA) with MWCO of 500Da and the roughness of 27.84nm. These were run at pressures of 280 psi, 120 psi, and 120 psi, respectively. Experiments were conducted using a flat sheet test unit (Osmonics, Minneetonka, MN), which contained a cell with 155cm2 active membrane area. Feed water was pumped into the test unit from feed reservoir, and all the concentrate flux was recycled to the feed tank to increase the fouling potential on the membranes. New membranes were rinsed with deionized (DI) water, then soaked membrane-skin-down in DI water overnight, and rinsed again immediately before installation into the filtration cell unit. Abiotic fouling and biofouling tests on the fouled membrane were also conducted to characterize the fouling on the membrane after each experiment. The membrane specimens were soaked in a basic (0.1M NaOH) solution overnight and then UV254 and turbidity were measured to characterize the abiotic fouling of the membrane. Biofouling of the membrane was measured by detaching the biofilm from the membrane surface and measuring the heterotrophic plate counts (HPC). Includes 9 references, figures.