1.1 这些实践提供了对水形成沉积物中粉末状结晶化合物的X射线衍射分析。两种情况如下: 小节 练习A-Camera 12 到 21 实践B-衍射仪 22 到 30 1.2 这两种方法都可以定性识别水形成沉积物的结晶成分，其中X射线衍射数据可用或可以获得。当晶体成分的数量增加时，识别会遇到更大的困难。 1.3 未经特殊处理，无法识别非晶相。油、油脂和大多数有机分解产物无法识别。 1.4 给定组分的灵敏度随密度、结晶度、粒度、组分强谱线的重合度以及组分原子的种类和排列等因素的组合而变化。因此，识别的最小百分比范围为1 % 至40 %. 1.5 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准值。括号中列出的值仅供参考。 1.6 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 第节给出了具体的预防说明 8. 和 附注20 . 1.7 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 水中晶体结构的鉴定- 形成的沉积物有助于确定沉积物来源和沉积模式。该信息可能导致采取措施消除或减少水形成的沉积物。

1.1 These practices provide for X-ray diffraction analysis of powdered crystalline compounds in water-formed deposits. Two are given as follows: Sections Practice A—Camera 12 to 21 Practice B—Diffractometer 22 to 30 1.2 Both practices yield qualitative identification of crystalline components of water-formed deposits for which X-ray diffraction data are available or can be obtained. Greater difficulty is encountered in identification when the number of crystalline components increases. 1.3 Amorphous phases cannot be identified without special treatment. Oils, greases, and most organic decomposition products are not identifiable. 1.4 The sensitivity for a given component varies with a combination of such factors as density, degree of crystallization, particle size, coincidence of strong lines of components and the kind and arrangement of the atoms of the components. Minimum percentages for identification may therefore range from 1 % to 40 %. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values listed in parenthesis are for information only. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8 and Note 20 . 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 The identification of the crystalline structures in water-formed deposits assists in the determination of the deposit sources and mode of deposition. This information may lead to measures for the elimination or reduction of the water-formed deposits.