1.1 本规程涵盖了根据基于日光照明的仪器测量颜色坐标计算不透明样本（如涂漆面板、塑料板或纺织品样本）之间的颜色公差和小色差。如果怀疑样品可能是同色异谱的，即尽管颜色在视觉上相似，但具有不同的光谱曲线，请实践 D4086 应用于验证仪器结果。这些程序确定的公差和差异表示为CIE 1976 CIELAB对手颜色空间中近似均匀的视觉颜色感知 ( 1. ) , 2. CMC公差单位 ( 2. ) ，CIE94公差单位 ( 3. ) ，DIN 6176中给出的DIN99色差公式 ( 4. ) ，或新的CIEDE2000色差单位 ( 5. ) . 1.2 对于产品规范，买方和卖方应就试样和参考之间的允许颜色容差以及计算颜色容差的程序达成一致。 每种材料和使用条件可能需要特定的颜色公差，因为其他外观因素（例如，试样接近度、光泽和纹理）可能会影响测量色差的大小与其商业可接受性之间的相关性。 1.3 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全和健康实践，并确定监管要求的适用性。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 基于三刺激值的原始CIE色阶 十、 Y，Z 和色度坐标 x、 y 外观不均匀。基于CIE值的每个后续色阶都应用了加权因子，以提供一定程度的均匀性，从而使颜色空间的各个区域中的色差更接近可比性。另一方面，在不同颜色下评估相同样本的色差- 秤系统不太可能完全相同。为了避免混淆，只有在获得相同色阶系统的样本时，才应比较样本之间的色差或相关公差。没有简单的因子可以用于将一个系统中的色差或颜色公差准确地转换为另一个系统中所有样本颜色的色差或公差单位。 5.2 以Δ计算的色差 E CMC 或Δ E 00 强烈建议使用色差在0.0至5.0Δ范围内的装置 E* ab公司 单位。两者均适用于并广泛用于工业和商业应用，包括但不限于汽车、涂料、化妆品、油墨、包装、油漆、塑料、印刷、安全和纺织品。亨特色差分量Δ L H ，Δa H ，Δb H ，以及它们的色差单位ΔE H ，用于卷材涂料和铝挤压涂料行业，以及这些用户的客户。 因此，它们包括在 附录X1 用于历史目的和用途。 5.3 颜色容差方程的用户发现，在每个系统中，将三个矢量色差分量相加为单个标量值对于确定样本颜色是否在标准的指定容差内非常有用。然而，为了控制生产中的颜色，可能不仅需要知道偏离标准的幅度，还需要知道偏离的方向。通过列出色差的三个仪器确定的分量，可以包括关于小色差方向的信息。 5.4 基于仪器值的颜色容差选择应与使用实践获得的色调、亮度和饱和度差异的可接受性的视觉评估密切相关 D1729 . 本文给出的三个公差方程已针对纺织品和塑料的此类数据进行了广泛测试，并证明与视觉评估一致，在视觉判断的实验不确定性范围内。 这意味着方程本身错误分类色差的频率不超过最有经验的视觉颜色匹配器的频率。 5.5 虽然色差方程和颜色容差方程通常适用于广泛的光源，但它们已被推导或优化，或在日光照明下使用。当使用其他光源进行计算时，可能无法获得与视觉判断的良好相关性。在日光条件以外的条件下使用公差方程需要根据实践目视确认同色异谱水平 D4086 .

1.1 This practice covers the calculation, from instrumentally measured color coordinates based on daylight illumination, of color tolerances and small color differences between opaque specimens such as painted panels, plastic plaques, or textile swatches. Where it is suspected that the specimens may be metameric, that is, possess different spectral curves though visually alike in color, Practice D4086 should be used to verify instrumental results. The tolerances and differences determined by these procedures are expressed in terms of approximately uniform visual color perception in CIE 1976 CIELAB opponent-color space ( 1 ) , 2 CMC tolerance units ( 2 ) , CIE94 tolerance units ( 3 ) , the DIN99 color difference formula given in DIN 6176 ( 4 ) , or the new CIEDE2000 color difference units ( 5 ) . 1.2 For product specification, the purchaser and the seller shall agree upon the permissible color tolerance between test specimen and reference and the procedure for calculating the color tolerance. Each material and condition of use may require specific color tolerances because other appearance factors, (for example, specimen proximity, gloss, and texture), may affect the correlation between the magnitude of a measured color difference and its commercial acceptability. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 The original CIE color scales based on tristimulus values X, Y, Z and chromaticity coordinates x, y are not uniform visually. Each subsequent color scale based on CIE values has had weighting factors applied to provide some degree of uniformity so that color differences in various regions of color space will be more nearly comparable. On the other hand, color differences obtained for the same specimens evaluated in different color-scale systems are not likely to be identical. To avoid confusion, color differences among specimens or the associated tolerances should be compared only when they are obtained for the same color-scale system. There is no simple factor that can be used to convert accurately color differences or color tolerances in one system to difference or tolerance units in another system for all colors of specimens. 5.2 Color differences calculated in Δ E CMC or Δ E 00 units are highly recommended for use with color-differences in the range of 0.0 to 5.0 Δ E* ab units. Both are appropriate for and widely used in industrial and commercial applications including, but not limited to, automobiles, coatings, cosmetics, inks, packaging, paints, plastics, printing, security, and textiles. The Hunter color difference components Δ L H , Δa H , Δb H , and their color difference unit ΔE H , are used by the coil coating and aluminum extrusion coating industries, as well as the customers of these users. They are, therefore, included in Appendix X1 for historical purposes and use. 5.3 Users of color tolerance equations have found that, in each system, summation of three, vector color-difference components into a single scalar value is very useful for determining whether a specimen color is within a specified tolerance from a standard. However, for control of color in production, it may be necessary to know not only the magnitude of the departure from standard but also the direction of this departure. It is possible to include information on the direction of a small color difference by listing the three instrumentally determined components of the color difference. 5.4 Selection of color tolerances based on instrumental values should be carefully correlated with a visual appraisal of the acceptability of differences in hue, lightness, and saturation obtained by using Practice D1729 . The three tolerance equations given here have been tested extensively against such data for textiles and plastics and have been shown to agree with the visual evaluations to within the experimental uncertainty of the visual judgments. That implies that the equations themselves misclassify a color difference with a frequency no greater than that of the most experienced visual color matcher. 5.5 While color difference equations and color tolerance equations are routinely applied to a wide range of illuminants, they have been derived or optimized, or both, for use under daylight illumination. Good correlation with the visual judgments may not be obtained when the calculations are made with other illuminants. Use of a tolerance equation for other than daylight conditions will require visual confirmation of the level of metamerism in accordance with Practice D4086 .