电力公司非常感兴趣的一个问题是暖通空调设备在不同情况下如何与电网相互作用。随着公用事业公司为了提高效率和可靠性而研究各种调节电网的方法，了解空调和热泵等终端设备将如何响应至关重要。节能降压（CVR）是指为了降低能耗而对工作电压进行管理。许多配电公司正在实施或计划实施（CVR）作为一种促进节能和提高配电系统整体效率的机制。评估CVR影响的最大未知因素是不同类型负载对电压降低的响应。 到目前为止，分体式住宅空调是确定CVR总体影响的最重要设备。另一方面，由于恒温控制和较大的热时间常数，这些空调的能耗和电压之间存在复杂的关系，这使得量化CVR的影响成为一项非常具有挑战性的任务。为了应对这一挑战，电力研究所（EPRI）测试了两台住宅热泵的制冷和供暖模式。在240V基础电压下，对系统进行了测试，电源电压范围为每单位电压0.8至1.05。空气侧容量和系统功率的测量用于量化该范围内的系统性能。 本文总结了测试工作和获得的结果。本文的工作可用于量化家用空调响应的建模工具，以评估采用CVR方案的配电系统运行的性能。此外，这项研究的结果将有助于通知暖通空调行业，并可能有助于改进系统设计，如果CVR得到广泛采用。引文:ASHRAE论文CD:2014 ASHRAE年会，华盛顿州西雅图

An issue of great interest to electric utilities is how HVAC equipment may interact with the electric grid under different scenarios. As utilities investigate various methods of regulating the grid for efficiency and reliability purposes, it is critical to understand how end-use devices such as air conditioners and heat pumps will respond. Conservation Voltage Reduction (CVR) refers to management of service voltage for the purpose of reducing energy consumption. Many electric distribution utilities are either implementing or planning to implement (CVR) as a mechanism to promote energy conservation and improve the overall efficiency of the electric distribution system. The biggest unknown for evaluating the impact of CVR is the response of different types of loads to voltage reduction. Split-unit residential air conditioners are by far the most important piece of equipment in determining the overall impact of CVR. On the other hand, these air conditioners have a complex relationship between energy consumption and voltage due to thermostatic control and large thermal time constants which makes quantifying the impact of CVR a very challenging task. In order to address this challenge, Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) tested two residential heat pumps in cooling as well as heating modes. The systems were tested with power supply voltages ranging from 0.8 to 1.05 per unit voltage on 240V base voltage. Measurements of air-side capacity and system power were used to quantify system performance across this range of conditions. This paper summarizes the testing efforts and the results obtained. The work presented in this paper can be used in modeling tools to quantify response of residential air conditioners to evaluate the performance of a distribution system operation with a CVR scheme. Also, the results of this study will help inform the HVAC industry, and may help improve system designs should CVR find broad adoption.