The purpose of this AWWARF project was to develop a 10-year Research Agenda for Water Distribution Systems. The Research Advisory Council (RAC) and the AWWARF Board of Trustees have always believed that water distribution systems were very important in the supply of high quality drinking water; however, research in this critical area has sometimes been without focus and has at times floundered. Part of the problem has been that operators of water distribution systems are not normally researchers and often times they have difficulty seeing any benefit from conducting research. The project team (Economic and Engineering Services, Inc., Weston, Ltd., and General Waterworks Corporation) approached this study by: collecting information on distribution systems from utilities and from AWWA databases; identifying and prioritizing problems in distribution systems; determining which problems could be addressed by research; and developing a 10-year research agenda for water distribution systems.