本文讨论了AwwaRF资助的一个研究项目，以总结 与膜的应用和整合的有效性相关的问题 并开发一个计算机模型，以帮助公用事业公司 确定膜在解决各种水质问题中的适用性。目前正在开发的各种膜工厂 行动已被仔细研究。从本质上讲，这些植物在以下几个方面有所不同: 如容量、预处理类型、膜类型（例如，浸没式和 膜化学、决策驱动因素和地理位置。这篇论文 介绍了作为研究一部分进行的十多个深入案例研究的结果 气力重点是过程选择决策和设计 考虑因素包括必要的预处理、液压和控制逻辑， 调试和废物处理选项。

This paper discusses a AwwaRF-funded research project to summarize the issues associated with application of membranes and the effectiveness of integrating membranes with other processes and to develop a computer model to assist utilities in determining the applicability of membranes in addressing various water quality issues. a diverse cross section of membrane plants currently in operation has been closely studied. In essence, the plants varied in several aspects such as capacity, types of pretreatment, types of membranes (for example, submerged and encased), membrane chemistry, decision drivers, and geographical location. This paper presents results of more than ten in-depth case studies conducted as part of the research effort. The focus is on process selection decisions and design considerations including necessary pretreatment, hydraulics and control logic, commissioning and waste disposal options.