本文综述了大直径膜元件的发展历史和应用前景 商用（16英寸和18英寸）反渗透（RO）和纳滤（NF）的当前可用性 膜元件产品。本文还对世界范围内现有的试点、示范、， 以及使用大直径膜元件的全尺寸处理厂，如 薄膜制造商。 本文还介绍了作者编写的一项名为“工业”的重大经济研究的结果 《大直径反渗透/纳滤元件直径联盟分析》，2004年出版 由美国填海局（USBR）提出，并由一个由四人组成的财团提出建议 膜制造商将使用16英寸x 40英寸的元件作为新的大直径膜 元素行业标准。此外，还描述了一家制造商（不属于制造商联盟）提供的18英寸x 61英寸元件的可用性和应用情况。包括11个参考文献、表格、图表。

This paper summarizes the development history of large diameter membrane elements and the current availability of commercial (16- and 18-inch) reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) membrane element products. The paper also presents a world-wide summary of existing pilot, demonstration, and full-scale treatment plants using large diameter membrane elements, as provided to the authors from the membrane manufacturers. The paper also presents the results of a major economic study that was prepared by the authors and is titled "Industry Consortium Analysis of Large Diameter Reverse Osmosis/Nanofiltration Element Diameters," published in 2004 by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (USBR), and the resulting recommendation by a consortium of four membrane manufacturers to use 16-inch x 40-inch elements as the new large-diameter membrane element industry standard. Additionally, the availability and application of 18-inch x 61-inch elements from one manufacturer, who was not in the consortium of manufacturers, is described. Includes 11 references, tables, figures.