本powerpoint演示首先提供问题陈述和研究目标，包括:评估污垢指数的效用 通过台架试验确定 典型的满量程条件 活动并且，使用这种实验室规模的方法 研究有机氮在土壤中的作用 膜污染。介绍了测试方案，以及一些低压中空纤维（LPHF）污染描述，低压膜污染的示意图，以及 流量和污垢，标准化比流量，总污垢指数（TFI），液压不可逆和 化学污垢指数（HICFI）和化学不可逆污垢指数 （CIFI）。介绍了使用天然水进行的试验，包括:公用设施A——工厂和试验台规模:相同的膜 材料和操作条件； 膜给水-凝结；公用工程B——原水和凝结水；此外，黑石河水——一种废水破坏了原水源。结论表明:串联电阻法是可行的 用于确定管道的污垢指数 天然水的LPHF处理；大多数自然水体的污垢是 液压和化学逆转；以及导致总排放量更高的水源 污垢还会导致更高的水力和水力损失 化学污染，即短时间过滤 实验可以用来预测 膜污染。包括表格、数字。

This powerpoint presentation begins by providing the problem statement and research objectives that include: assess utility of fouling indices determined using bench-scale testing conditions that are typical of fullscale operation; and, use this bench-scale approach to study the role of organic nitrogen in membrane fouling. The testing protocol is presented, along with some low pressure hollow fiber (LPHF) fouling descriptions, a schematic illustration of LP membrane fouling, membrane performance for flux and fouling, normalized specific flux, the Total Fouling Index (TFI), Hydraulically Irreversible and Chemical Fouling Index (HICFI), and Chemically Irreversible Fouling Index (CIFI). Tests with natural waters are presented and include: Utility A - plant and bench-scale: same membrane material and operation conditions; membrane feedwater - coagulated; Utility B - raw and coagulated waters; and, Blackstone River water - a wastewater impaired raw water source. Conclusions indicate the following: resistance in series approach can be used to determine fouling indices for LPHF treatment of natural waters; most fouling for natural waters is hydraulically and chemically reversed; and, water sources that cause higher total fouling also cause higher hydraulic and chemical fouling, i.e., a short filtration experiment could be used to predict membrane fouling. Includes tables, figures.