1.1 本指南旨在协助从业人员制定、选择、设计和实施在废物污染现场采取的临时、短期或早期行动补救措施，以管理、控制或减少环境现场污染带来的风险。早期行动补救措施和策略适用于除《综合环境响应、赔偿和责任法》（CERCLA）/《国家石油和危险物质污染应急计划》（NCP）程序外的其他监管程序的管理（例如，国家地下储罐（UST）程序同样适用）。本指南确定并描述了早期行动的标准流程、技术要求、信息需求、好处和战略。 1.2 本指南适用于经1986年《超级基金修正案和再授权法》（SARA）修订的《综合环境影响赔偿责任法》和经1986年“危险和固体废物修正案”（HSWA）修订的“资源保护和回收法”（RCRA）定义的非危险和危险污染场所。 1.3 在某种程度上，本指南可用于危险材料操作，但并未涉及监管限制和当地要求的适用性。 1.4 本指南提供了一组有组织的信息或一系列选项，不建议采取具体行动。本文件不能取代教育或经验，应与专业判断结合使用。并非本指南的所有方面都适用于所有情况。本ASTM标准并不代表或取代必须判断给定专业服务是否充分的护理标准，也不应在未考虑项目许多独特方面的情况下应用本文件。本文件标题中的“标准”一词仅表示该文件已通过ASTM共识程序批准。 1.5 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。 本标准的使用者有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.6 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 本指南旨在为早期行动的应用和执行提供一种系统的方法，以补救危险和非危险污染。CSM的迭代开发是使用本指南的基础。 5.2 本指南的预期用户是环境污染现场的所有者或经营者；参与环境现场表征和修复领域的技术专业人员； 环境监管机构、业主、员工和环境污染现场附近的居民；以及受影响社区内的贷款人、担保人和一般利益相关者。 5.3 本指南并非旨在取代修复环境污染现场的法律要求。本指南应用于补充现有的监管指南，并将补救工作的重点放在最终补救解决方案上。 注2: 本标准产生的结果的质量取决于执行该标准的人员的能力以及所用设备和设施的适用性。符合实践标准的机构 第3740页 通常被认为能够胜任和客观的测试/取样/检查等。本标准的使用者应注意遵守实践 第3740页 其本身不能保证可靠的结果。可靠的结果取决于许多因素；实践 第3740页 提供了评估其中一些因素的方法。

1.1 The purpose of this guide is to assist practitioners in the development, selection, design, and implementation of interim, short-term, or early action remedies undertaken at sites of waste contamination for the purpose of managing, controlling, or reducing risk posed by environmental site contamination. Early action remedies and strategies are applicable to the management of other regulatory processes (for example, state underground storage tank (UST) programs are equally applicable) in addition to the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA)/National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contigency Plan (NCP) process. This guide identifies and describes a standard process, technical requirements, information needs, benefits, and strategy for early actions. 1.2 This guide is applicable to both nonhazardous and hazardous sites of contamination as defined by CERCLA as amended by the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA) and the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) as amended by the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) of 1986. 1.3 To the extent that this guide may be used for hazardous materials operations, it does not address the applicability of regulatory limitations and local requirements. 1.4 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 This guide is intended to provide a systematic approach for the application and execution of early actions for purposes of remediating both hazardous and non-hazardous contamination. Iterative development of a CSM is fundamental to the use of this guide. 5.2 Anticipated users of this guide are owners or operators at sites of environmental contamination; technical professionals involved in the field of environmental site characterization and remediation; environmental regulators, property owners, employees, and residents adjacent to sites of environmental contamination; and lenders, sureties, and persons of general interest within an affected community. 5.3 This guide is not intended to replace legal requirements for remediating sites of environmental contamination. This guide should be used to supplement existing regulatory guidance and to focus remedial efforts toward final remedy solutions. Note 2: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.