兰格最近总结了压力容器设计的最新进展。他讨论了不同类型的压力容器封头，每种类型的主要特征，以及与每种类型相关的ASME规范规则的相对有效性。结果表明，目前的规范规则通常对厚壁封头过于保守，在某些情况下对薄壁封头不保守。对于后一种说法，Shield和Drucker在1959年撰文称，某种ASME规范的球形容器“绝对不安全”在同一个问题上，加莱利在1956年警告说，代码设计的薄壁球面封头是不够的。 美国机械工程师协会（ASME）压力容器封头设计规范的修订势在必行。对压力容器的最新研究成果提出建议，并对未来的研究工作提出建议。

The state of the art of pressure vessel design has recently been summarized by Langer. He discussed the different types of pressure vessel heads, the main characteristics of each type, and the relative validity of the ASME Code rules that pertain to each type. It was shown that present code rules are, in general, overly conservative for thick-walled heads, and in some cases, unconservative for thinwalled heads. Regarding the latter statement Shield and Drucker, writing in 1959, stated that a certain class of ASME Code torispherical vessels were "positively unsafe." On the same subject, Galletly warned of the inadequacy of codedesigned thin-walled torispherical heads in 1956. A revision of the ASME Code for Design of Pressure Vessel Heads is definitely in order. The purpose of the present report is to comment briefly on recent research developments, to give specific proposals and suggestions for future research work, and to suggest a philosophy of design which can lead to a more rational and uniform Code for pressure vessel heads.