1.1 本试验方法包括在高温下（通常在1073至2073K之间）测定高级单片陶瓷的拉伸蠕变应变、蠕变应变率和蠕变失效时间。包括各种试样几何形状。固定温度下的蠕变应变通过测试期间标距延伸的直接测量进行评估。最小蠕变应变速率可能随时间不变，作为温度和施加应力的函数进行评估。蠕变失效时间也包括在本试验方法中。 1.2 本试验方法适用于表现为宏观各向同性、均匀、连续材料的高级陶瓷。虽然本试验方法旨在用于单片陶瓷，但晶须- 或颗粒增强复合陶瓷以及低体积分数不连续纤维增强复合陶瓷也可能满足这些宏观行为假设。连续纤维增强陶瓷复合材料（CFCC）在宏观上表现为各向同性、均匀、连续的材料，不建议将本试验方法应用于这些材料。 1.3 以国际单位制为单位的数值将被视为标准（见 IEEE/ASTM SI 10 ). 括号中给出的值是英寸-磅单位的数学转换，仅供参考，不被视为标准值。 1.4 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.5 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 蠕变试验测量在给定温度下受力的时间相关变形，并由此测量材料在有限变形下的承载能力。正确解释蠕变断裂试验，可以测量材料的承载能力随时间和温度的变化。这两个测试在定义力方面相互补充- 材料在给定时间段内的承载能力。在选择材料和设计高温下使用的零件时，使用的测试数据类型将取决于最能确定材料使用用途的承载能力标准。 4.2 该试验方法可用于材料开发、质量保证、表征和设计数据生成。 4.3 高强度单片陶瓷材料通常具有较小的晶粒尺寸（<50μm）和接近其理论密度的体积密度，是高温下承重结构应用的候选材料。这些应用涉及承受应力梯度和多轴应力的涡轮叶片等部件。 4.4 为设计和预测目的获得的数据应使用任何适当的试验方法组合获得，这些方法为所考虑的应用提供了最相关的信息。这里需要注意的是，陶瓷材料在拉伸时比在压缩时蠕变更快 ( 1- 3. ) . 4. 当在弯曲条件下进行试验时，这种差异导致应力分布和中性轴位置随时间变化。因此，如果蠕变方程的形式以及拉伸蠕变率相对于压缩蠕变率的大小没有一定程度的不确定性，就无法实现弯曲蠕变数据的反褶积以获得设计所需的本构方程。 因此，应在拉伸和压缩以及预期使用应力状态下获得用于设计和寿命预测的蠕变数据。

1.1 This test method covers the determination of tensile creep strain, creep strain rate, and creep time to failure for advanced monolithic ceramics at elevated temperatures, typically between 1073 and 2073 K. A variety of test specimen geometries are included. The creep strain at a fixed temperature is evaluated from direct measurements of the gage length extension over the time of the test. The minimum creep strain rate, which may be invariant with time, is evaluated as a function of temperature and applied stress. Creep time to failure is also included in this test method. 1.2 This test method is for use with advanced ceramics that behave as macroscopically isotropic, homogeneous, continuous materials. While this test method is intended for use on monolithic ceramics, whisker- or particle-reinforced composite ceramics as well as low-volume-fraction discontinuous fiber-reinforced composite ceramics may also meet these macroscopic behavior assumptions. Continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic composites (CFCCs) do not behave as macroscopically isotropic, homogeneous, continuous materials, and application of this test method to these materials is not recommended. 1.3 The values in SI units are to be regarded as the standard (see IEEE/ASTM SI 10 ). The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 Creep tests measure the time-dependent deformation under force at a given temperature, and, by implication, the force-carrying capability of the material for limited deformations. Creep rupture tests, properly interpreted, provide a measure of the force-carrying capability of the material as a function of time and temperature. The two tests complement each other in defining the force-carrying capability of a material for a given period of time. In selecting materials and designing parts for service at elevated temperatures, the type of test data used will depend on the criteria for force-carrying capability that best defines the service usefulness of the material. 4.2 This test method may be used for material development, quality assurance, characterization, and design data generation. 4.3 High-strength, monolithic ceramic materials, generally characterized by small grain sizes (<50 μm) and bulk densities near their theoretical density, are candidates for load-bearing structural applications at elevated temperatures. These applications involve components such as turbine blades which are subjected to stress gradients and multiaxial stresses. 4.4 Data obtained for design and predictive purposes shall be obtained using any appropriate combination of test methods that provide the most relevant information for the applications being considered. It is noted here that ceramic materials tend to creep more rapidly in tension than in compression ( 1- 3 ) . 4 This difference results in time-dependent changes in the stress distribution and the position of the neutral axis when tests are conducted in flexure. As a consequence, deconvolution of flexural creep data to obtain the constitutive equations needed for design cannot be achieved without some degree of uncertainty concerning the form of the creep equations, and the magnitude of the creep rate in tension vis-a-vis the creep rate in compression. Therefore, creep data for design and life prediction shall be obtained in both tension and compression, as well as the expected service stress state.