为了准确评估其对冷负荷的影响，有必要测量建筑物内设备的热损失。建筑设计的进步以及隔热材料和建筑围护结构系统的热特性的改善显著降低了外部来源的冷负荷；然而，在建筑物中增加各种类型的办公设备已成为内部冷负荷的主要来源。一些设备包括显示总功耗的铭牌额定值，而其他设备则没有。一些制造商测量设备的最大耗电量，并将其作为额定功率列在铭牌或设备文献中，而其他制造商则列出设备的最大功率容量。 由于制造商的额定功率（如果报告）通常基于设备在最大容量下工作时的瞬时测量，因此使用设备铭牌值计算冷负荷可能会导致空调设备尺寸过大，从而导致额外的初始成本和更高的运行成本。另一方面，低估冷却负荷可能会导致冷却能力不足。影响冷负荷计算的另一个因素是来自设备的辐射热负荷和对流热负荷之间的分配。从设备传递到周围环境的热量的对流部分是瞬时负荷，因为它通过自然或强制对流无延迟地添加到室内空气中，而辐射部分被房间表面吸收，然后随时间消散。 准确确定冷负荷对于测量空调设备的适当尺寸非常重要。本文介绍了从办公室使用的不同类型的设备取样得到的总热增益和辐射/对流分离的实验结果。比较和讨论了铭牌与测量值、运行值与闲置值、辐射值与对流值。引文:ASHRAE Transactions，第117卷，第2部分，魁北克省蒙特利尔

Measurement of the heat loss from equipment in buildings is necessary in order to make accurate assessments of its impact on cooling loads. Advances in the design of buildings and improvement of the thermal characteristics of insulation materials and building envelope systems have significantly reduced the cooling load from external sources; however, the addition of various types of office equipment to buildings has become a major source of internal cooling load. Some equipment includes a nameplate rating showing total power consumption, while other equipment does not. Some manufacturers measure the equipment's maximum electric power consumption and list that as a power rating on the nameplate or in the equipment literature, while others list the equipment's maximum power capacity. Since the manufacturers' power ratings, if reported, are usually based on instantaneous measurement while the equipment is working at maximum capacity, use of equipment nameplate values for cooling load calculations may lead to oversizing of air-conditioning equipment, resulting in an extra initial cost as well as higher operating costs. On the other hand, underestimating the cooling load may result in insufficient cooling capacity. Another factor affecting calculation of cooling load is the split between the radiant and convective heat loads from the equipment. The convection portion of the heat transferred from the equipment to the surroundings is an instantaneous load, since it is added to room air by natural or forced convection without time delay, whereas the radiation portion is absorbed by the surfaces of the room and then dissipated over time. Accurate determination of cooling load is important in gauging the proper size of airconditioning equipment.This article presents experimental results for the total heat gain and radiant/convective split from a sampling of the different types of equipment used in offices. The nameplate vs. measured values, operational vs. idle values, and radiant vs. convective values are compared and discussed.