计算建筑空间冷负荷的热平衡方法包括几个主要的传热过程。这些包括每个建筑构件外表面上的辐射和对流交换、通过每个构件的传导、所有内表面之间的辐射相互作用，以及内表面和区域空气之间的对流传递。本文主要研究建筑构件外表面的热平衡问题。这种平衡包括许多不同类型的互动。对外部空气的短波辐射和对流可能是平衡中最重要的因素，但外部表面与天空、地面和空气之间的长波辐射也在这一过程中发挥作用。 所有这些相互作用必须与通过建筑构件传导的热量相平衡。在热平衡方法中实现这些相互作用需要几个数学模型。其中包括太阳辐射、空气温度、天空温度、地表温度和外部对流系数的模型。介绍了这些数量的许多已发布模型，并对它们进行了定性和定量比较。此外，还进行了一项研究，以确定每个元件对整个空间冷负荷的敏感性。 单位:双关键词:1997年，室外，热平衡，计算，冷负荷，外墙，表面，发射率，热流，算法，对流，热增益，表面温度，建筑引用:研讨会，ASHRAE交易，第103卷，第2部分，波士顿1997

The heat balance method for calculating space-cooling loads in a building consists of several major heat transfer processes. These include the radiative and convective exchange on the outside surface of each building element, the conduction through each element, the radiative interaction among all interior surfaces, and the convective transfer between the interior surfaces and the zone air. This paper focuses on the heat balance at the exterior surface of each building element. This balance includes many different types of interactions. Shortwave radiation and convection to the outside air are perhaps the most significant elements in the balance, but longwave radiation between the exterior surface and the sky, ground, and air plays a role in the process as well. All of these interactions must balance with the amount of heat being conducted through the building element. Implementation of these interactions into the heat balance method requires several mathematical models. These include models for solar radiation, air temperature, sky temperature, ground surface temperature, and the exterior convection coefficient. Presents many of the published models for these quantities and compares them both qualitatively and quantitatively. Additionally, a study is performed to determine the sensitivity of each element to the overall space-cooling load.Units: DualKEYWORDS: year 1997, Outside, heat balance, calculating, cooling load, external walls, surfaces, emissivity, heat flow, algorithms, convection, heat gain, surface temperature, buildings