1.1 目的: 1.1.1 本指南规定了远程操作设施的观察系统的最低要求，包括用于处理和处理核材料和放射性材料的热电池（屏蔽电池）。本指南旨在帮助远程查看系统的设计、选择、安装、修改、制造和质量保证，以最大限度地提高其实用性并最大限度地减少设备故障。 1.1.2 本指南旨在记录经验证明对远程观看设备的设计、制造、安装、维护、维修、更换以及去污和退役至关重要的原则和注意事项，这些设备能够可靠、安全地满足严格的操作要求，在热电池环境中，由于辐射暴露的危险，操作员的能见度受到限制。 1.1.3 本指南旨在适用于核应用的远程查看方法，但可能适用于需要远程操作查看的任何环境。 1.2 适用性: 1.2.1 本指南适用于但不限于辐射硬化和非辐射硬化相机（黑白和彩色）、镜头、相机外壳和定位器、潜望镜、穿墙/屋顶观察、可远程部署的相机、起重机/机器人安装的相机、内窥镜相机、内孔镜、视频探头、柔性探头、镜子、照明、光纤照明和支持设备。 1.2.2 本指南适用于在以下一种或多种情况下使用的设备: 1.2.2.1 对人体或环境具有重大辐射危害的远程操作设施。 1.2.2.2 设施设备既不能出于操作或维护的目的直接访问，也不能在没有屏蔽观察窗、潜望镜或视频监控系统的情况下直接查看设备。 1.2.2.3 该设施可以直接查看，但部分视图受到限制（例如，物体的背面或下侧），或者更高的放大率或专门的查看是有益的。 1.2.3 远程查看设备可以用于长期应用（通常超过几年）或短期使用（例如，故障排除）。 这两种类型的应用程序将在下面的部分中介绍。 1.2.4 本指南不涵盖服务（例如，电气、仪表、视频等）远程操作连接器的详细设计和应用。 1.2.5 本指南中使用的单位制是公制单位，也称为SI单位，通常用于国际系统，定义如下 ASTM/IEEE SI 10 ，国际单位制使用标准。一些视频参数使用的传统单位与国际单位制不一致，但在整个行业中广泛使用。例如，视频图像格式以“英寸”为单位。（见表 1.） 1.2.6 透镜和透镜元件的测量值始终以毫米（mm）为单位，即使国际单位制不常用，作为行业惯例也是如此。 其他SI单位（例如，cm）很少用于透镜或透镜元件。 1.2.7 除非本指南中另有提及，否则辐射暴露指的是 60 Co暴露和吸收辐射剂量Gy/h（rad/h）是指瞬时速率，而不是累积值。 1.3 用户注意事项: 1.3.1 本指南不包括用于热电池观察的辐射屏蔽窗。它们分别包含在指南中 C1572/C1572米 。 1.3.2 本指南不能替代应用工程技能、行之有效的实践和经验。其目的是提供指导。 1.3.3 本指南中规定的与设备设计有关的指南仅旨在告知设计师和工程师，这些特征、条件和程序对于设计、选择、操作和维护适用于特定使用条件的可靠远程查看设备是必要的或非常可取的。 1.3.4 本指南中规定的指南源于操作经验、实践、特征、缺乏特征或经验教训，这些经验教训被发现是操作或维护问题或故障原因的根源。 1.3.5 本指南不取代任何条件下适用于设备的联邦或州法规或规范。 1.4 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.5 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 ===意义和用途====== 4.1 远程查看组件: 4.2 远程操作放射性设施的长期适用性将受到设施内正常和非正常操作远程查看规定的极大影响。远程查看系统的部署可以在设计和施工阶段最有效地解决。 4.2.1 本指南旨在为远程观看设备的设计和操作提供通用指南，以确保整个服务期的使用寿命和可靠性。 4.2.2 本指南旨在记录经验表明的一般条件和实践，这些条件和实践对于最大限度地减少设备故障和最大限度地提高远程查看设备的有效性和实用性是必要的。 它还旨在告知设计者和工程师那些在高辐射环境中被证明是可靠的设备的选择中非常期望的特征。 4.2.3 本指南旨在补充其他标准以及适用于热电池设备设计的联邦和州法规、规范和标准。 4.2.4 本指南是通用的，适用于各种类型和配置的热电池设备和远程查看系统。

1.1 Intent: 1.1.1 This guide establishes the minimum requirements for viewing systems for remotely operated facilities, including hot cells (shielded cells), used for the processing and handling of nuclear and radioactive materials. The intent of this guide is to aid in the design, selection, installation, modification, fabrication, and quality assurance of remote viewing systems to maximize their usefulness and to minimize equipment failures. 1.1.2 It is intended that this guide record the principles and caveats that experience has shown to be essential to the design, fabrication, installation, maintenance, repair, replacement, and, decontamination and decommissioning of remote viewing equipment capable of meeting the stringent demands of operating, dependably and safely, in a hot cell environment where operator visibility is limited due to the radiation exposure hazards. 1.1.3 This guide is intended to apply to methods of remote viewing for nuclear applications but may be applicable to any environment where remote operational viewing is desirable. 1.2 Applicability: 1.2.1 This guide applies to, but is not limited to, radiation hardened and non-radiation hardened cameras (black-and-white and color), lenses, camera housings and positioners, periscopes, through wall/roof viewing, remotely deployable cameras, crane/robot mounted cameras, endoscope cameras, borescopes, video probes, flexible probes, mirrors, lighting, fiber lighting, and support equipment. 1.2.2 This guide is intended to be applicable to equipment used under one or more of the following conditions: 1.2.2.1 The remote operation facility that contains a significant radiation hazard to man or the environment. 1.2.2.2 The facility equipment can neither be accessed directly for purposes of operation or maintenance, nor can the equipment be viewed directly, for example, without shielding viewing windows, periscopes, or a video monitoring system. 1.2.2.3 The facility can be viewed directly but portions of the views are restricted (for example, the back or underside of objects) or where higher magnification or specialized viewing is beneficial. 1.2.3 The remote viewing equipment may be intended for either long-term application (commonly, in excess of several years) or for short-term usage (for example, troubleshooting). Both types of applications are addressed in sections that follow. 1.2.4 This guide is not intended to cover the detailed design and application of remote handling connectors for services (for example, electrical, instrumentation, video, etc.). 1.2.5 The system of units employed in this guide is the metric unit, also known as SI Units, which are commonly used for International Systems, and defined by ASTM/IEEE SI 10 , Standard for Use of International System of Units. Some video parameters use traditional units that are not consistent with SI Units but are used widely across the industry. For example, video image format is referred to in “inch” units. (See Table 1.) 1.2.6 Lens and lens element measurements are always in millimeter (mm) units, even where SI Units are not in common usage, as an industry practice. Other SI Units (for example, cm) are rarely used for lenses or lens elements. 1.2.7 Unless otherwise mentioned in this guide radiation exposure refers to gamma energy level in terms of 60 Co exposure, and absorbed radiation dose Gy/h (rad/h) refers to instantaneous rates and not cumulative values. 1.3 User Caveats: 1.3.1 This guide does not cover radiation shielding windows used for hot cell viewing. They are covered separately under Guide C1572/C1572M . 1.3.2 This guide is not a substitute for applied engineering skills, proven practices and experience. Its purpose is to provide guidance. 1.3.3 The guidance set forth in this guide relating to design of equipment is intended only to inform designers and engineers of these features, conditions, and procedures that have been found necessary or highly desirable to the design, selection, operation and maintenance of reliable remote viewing equipment for the subject service conditions. 1.3.4 The guidance set forth in this guide results from operational experience of conditions, practices, features, lack of features, or lessons learned that were found to be sources of operating or maintenance problems, or causes of failure. 1.3.5 This guide does not supersede federal or state regulations, or codes applicable to equipment under any conditions. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 Remote Viewing Components: 4.2 The long-term applicability of a remotely operated radiological facility will be greatly affected by the provisions for remote viewing of normal and off-normal operations within the facility. The deployment of remote viewing systems can most efficiently be addressed during the design and construction phases. 4.2.1 The purpose of this guide is to provide general guidelines for the design and operation of remote viewing equipment to ensure longevity and reliability throughout the period of service. 4.2.2 It is intended that this guide record the general conditions and practices that experience has shown are necessary to minimize equipment failures and maximize the effectiveness and utility of remote viewing equipment. It is also intended to inform designers and engineers of those features that are highly desirable for the selection of equipment that has proven reliable in high radiation environments. 4.2.3 This guide is intended as a supplement to other standards, and to federal and state regulations, codes, and criteria applicable to the design of equipment intended for hot cell use. 4.2.4 This guide is intended to be generic and applies to a wide range of types and configurations of hot cell equipment and remote viewing systems.