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Measured Occupancy Levels in Apartments and the Consequential Simulated Energy Benefit from Demand-Controlled Ventilation 测量的公寓入住率水平以及需求控制通风带来的相应模拟能源效益
居住者的水平会影响建筑物的能源使用以及室内气候。人们的热量增益直接受到影响,但与增加内部热量增益的家庭用电也有合理的相关性。一个重要的例子是,在瑞典南部的高性能建筑中,居住水平和家庭用电在正常一天内的变化相当于8°C(14°F)的室外日温差,实际室外温度变化显著低于此,通常为4°C(7°F)。这意味着,关于入住率和家庭用电的时间分辨数据比时间分辨的室外温度更重要。 很少有研究测量入住率,这些研究中的测量周期通常只有两三天。作为一项更广泛研究的一部分,在瑞典的86套公寓中,使用新开发的电子日记在2周内以1分钟的分辨率测量了入住率水平,其中住户在进出公寓时进行了报告。本文介绍了居住水平的描述性数据,旨在为新建和翻新高性能住宅建筑的设计和优化提供帮助,以实现净零能耗。降低住宅建筑能耗的一个有希望的方法是安装按需控制的通风设备。 为了能够模拟由需求控制的通风带来的好处,占用水平的时间分辨数据至关重要。基于所描述的入住率水平,模拟了低能耗建筑中公寓的需求控制通风与恒定气流通风的能源效益。引用:ASHRAE论文:2015年ASHRAE年会,佐治亚州亚特兰大
The occupant level influences the resulting energy use in buildings as well as indoor climate. Heat gains from people are directly influenced, but there is also a reasonable correlation to use of household electricity that adds to the internal heat gain. An example of the importance is that the variation over a normal day in occupancy level and household electricity can be equivalent to an 8°C (14°F) outdoor daily temperature difference in a high performance building in south Sweden, where the actual outdoor temperature variation is remarkably lower than so, typically 4°C (7°F). That means that time resolved data on occupancy level and household electricity is more important than time resolved outdoor temperatures. There have been few studies that measured occupancy and the measurement period in these studies have generally been two or three days only. As a part of a broader study, occupancy levels were measured in 86 apartments in Sweden over 2 weeks with a 1 minute resolution using newly developed electronic diaries where the occupants reported when entering or leaving the apartment. This paper present descriptive data of the occupancy level in an effort to provide help with the design and optimization of new as well as renovated high performance residential buildings towards the net zero energy use. A promising way to lower energy use in residential buildings is to install demand controlled ventilation. To be able to simulate the benefit from demand controlled ventilation, time resolved data of occupancy levels are crucial. Based on the described occupancy levels, simulations of energy benefits from demand controlled ventilation versus constant airflow ventilation in apartments in low energy buildings are shown.
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