本文比较了容量相似但几何形状不同的热水器的温度分层和性能，研究如何将这种分层用于设计负载均衡型电热水器的简化控制，并最终审查蓄热式住宅热水器上各种蓄热器概念的备用损耗测量试验结果引文:研讨会，ASHRAE交易，第86卷，第1部分，加利福尼亚州洛杉矶

This paper compares temperature stratification and performance of water heaters of similar capacity but different geometry, investigates how this stratification can be used in designing simplified controls for load leveling type electric water heaters and finally reviews test results of standby loss measurements with various concepts of heat traps on electric storage type residential water heaters