高氯酸盐是一种环境污染物，其发生与使用有关 作为火箭推进剂和导弹中的氧化剂。接触高氯酸盐可能导致 甲状腺功能减退通过阻止甲状腺中碘的吸收而导致。关于 使用离子色谱法的灵敏分析方法 在加利福尼亚州、内华达州和亚利桑那州，以及美国13个州的地下水和地表水，发现了超过1500万人的饮用水供应。美国 环境保护署（U.S.EPA）正式向饮用水中添加高氯酸盐 1998年3月公布了污染物候选名单（CCL），并对饮用水供应进行了监测 1999年根据《无管制污染物监测规则》（UCMR）获得授权。2002年1月， 加州卫生服务部（DHS）将高氯酸盐的作用水平降低至4微克/升， 高氯酸盐。目前，由于高氯酸盐暴露而导致的健康和生态风险正在得到控制 对高氯酸盐的可处理性进行了评估，大部分研究工作正在积极进行中。 本研究的目的是:确定高氯酸盐的去除/排斥率 压力膜、两个反渗透（RO）和两个纳滤（NF）膜 三级恢复的操作变量，从15%到50%不等；监测通量下降 作为缩放的结果；以及，研究通过 化学还原和微生物还原。用高氯酸钠盐制备的高氯酸盐阴离子在实验室进行测量 Dionex DX300离子色谱仪，带有IonPac AS11柱和1000µL进样回路。100毫米 使用50 mN的H₂SO₄作为化学再生剂。 卫兵 柱（4mm IonPac AG11）用于减少大的基体离子峰。这种方法显示 1.4微克/升作为检测限，基于电导CDM-2检测器的检测。另外 阴离子通过Dionex系列4500i离子色谱仪和阳离子测量进行分析 使用ICP-AES（ARL型号3410+）进行测试。商用电动分析仪（EKA） 通过测量流动性来估计膜样品的zeta电位 潜在的水质分析的表征，包括 254 nm处的紫外线吸收率（UV₂₅₄）、溶解有机碳（DOC）、总溶解固体 （TDS）和浊度。 对于盐水流的化学还原，在一定范围内合成高氯酸盐溶液 100~500µg/L，以模拟膜处理的盐水在之前用氮气（N₂）吹扫 用于提供溶解氧水平低于1%的缺氧条件。 添加浓硫酸（H₂SO₄）以控制初始pH值。还原 在各种条件下进行监控。测试因素包括零价铁剂量、还原铁源形式、pH值和催化剂的存在。所有的实验都进行了 在环境温度和封闭条件下。包括12个参考文献、表格和图表。

Perchlorate is an environmental contaminant whose occurrence is linked with its use as an oxidant in rocket propellants and missiles. Exposure to perchlorate may cause hypothyroidism by blocking the uptake of iodine in the thyroid gland. Upon the development of sensitive analytical methodology using ion chromatography, perchlorate contamination in the drinking water supplies of over 15 million people in California, Nevada and Arizona, and in groundwaters and surface waters throughout the 13 U.S. states has been discovered. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) formally added perchlorate to the drinking water contaminant candidate list (CCL) in March 1998 and its monitoring in drinking water supplies was mandated in 1999 under the Unregulated Contaminants Monitoring Rule (UCMR). In January 2002, the California Department of Health Services (DHS) lowered the perchlorate action level to 4 µg/L, perchlorate. Currently, the health and ecological risks resulting from perchlorate exposure are being assessed and the majority of research efforts for perchlorate treatability are actively ongoing. The objectives of this study were: to determine the removal/rejection of perchlorate by high pressure membranes, two reverse osmosis (RO) and two nanofiltration (NF) membranes at the operational variables of three levels of recovery, ranging from 15 to 50%; to monitor flux decline as a consequence of scaling; and, to investigate the treatment of concentrated brine streams by the chemical reduction and microbiological reduction. Perchlorate anion prepared with sodium perchlorate salt was measured on a Dionex DX300 ion chromatograph with a IonPac AS11 column and 1000 µL injection loop. 100 mM of NaOH as an eluent and 50 mN of H₂SO₄ for chemical regenerant were employed. A guard column (4 mm IonPac AG11) was used for reducing large matrix ion peak. This method showed 1.4 µg/L as a detection limit, based on detection by a conductivity CDM-2 detector. Other anions were analyzed by a Dionex Series 4500i ion chromatograph and cation measurements were performed with the ICP-AES (ARL model 3410+). A commercial electrokinetic analyzer (EKA) was employed to estimate the zeta potential of membrane specimens by measuring the streaming potential. For the water quality characterization of source water, several analyses including ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (UV₂₅₄), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total dissolved solids (TDS) and turbidity were performed. For the chemical reductuion of brine stream, perchlorate solutions synthesized at the ranges of 100~500 µg/L, to simulate membrane-treated brine was purged with nitrogen gas (N₂) before used in the experiment to provide anoxic condition with the dissolved oxygen levels lower than 1 %. Concentrated sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) was added to control the initial pH. The reduction was monitored under various conditions. Tested factors include zero valent iron dose, reduced iron source forms, pH and the presence of catalyst. All the experiment was conducted under ambient temperature and in a closed condition. Includes 12 references, tables, figures.