基于空气和水的室内终端设备可用于室内空间的加热和冷却。终端装置的选择直接影响乘员的热舒适性，并通过加热和冷却设备的能量和火用输入，以及辅助部件（泵和风扇）的能量和火用输入，影响系统性能。比较了地板供暖和制冷系统与采用不同供暖和制冷设备的空气供暖和制冷系统的能量和火用性能。研究了整个火用流链，研究了辅助元件在整个系统性能中的重要性。在加热/冷却设备的能量和火用输入方面，地板辐射供暖和冷却系统的性能优于空气系统。 在供暖方面，当地板供暖与锅炉和热泵相连时，与暖气供暖相比，地板供暖所需的火用输入分别减少15%和17%。在冷却方面，通过使用与地面耦合的地板冷却系统，与空气冷却系统相比，总火用消耗可减少78%，与与空气-水热泵耦合的地板冷却系统相比，总火用消耗可减少80%。与气基系统相比，水基系统对辅助部件的火用输入要小得多；加热和冷却分别减少68%和53%，这表明水基系统明显优于空气基系统。当从火用的角度考虑时，泵和风扇的功率与热负荷和冷负荷相当。 应尽量减少辅助部件的火用输入，以充分受益于水基低温加热和高温冷却系统，以及加热和冷却系统。引用:2016年年度会议，密苏里州圣路易斯，会议论文

Air-based and water-based indoor terminal units can be used to heat and cool indoor spaces. The choice of terminal unit has direct effects on occupant thermal comfort, and on system performance through energy and exergy inputs to heating and cooling plants and through energy and exergy inputs to auxiliary components (pumps and fans).Energy and exergy performances of a floor heating and cooling system were compared to an air heating and cooling system using different heating and cooling plants. The whole chains of exergy flows were studied, and the importance of auxiliary components in whole system performance was studied.The radiant floor heating and cooling system performed better than the air-based system in terms of energy and exergy input to the heating/cooling plant. In heating, floor heating required 15% and 17% smaller exergy input compared to warm-air heating, when coupled to a boiler and to a heat pump, respectively. In cooling, by using a floor cooling system coupled with the ground, the overall exergy consumption can be reduced by 78% compared to an air cooling system and 80% compared to a floor cooling system coupled with an air-to-water heat pump.Water-based systems required significantly smaller exergy input to the auxiliary components compared to air-based systems; 68% less in heating and 53% less in cooling, indicating a clear benefit for the water-based system over the air-based system.Pump and fan powers become comparable to heating and cooling loads when considered in exergy terms. The exergy input to auxiliary components should be minimized to fully benefit from the water-based low temperature heating and high temperature cooling systems, and in general in heating and cooling systems.