在4个中型全尺寸配水系统（DSs）上研究了生物膜和微生物水质（最大 居住时间（从23小时到160小时）应为5000到30000居民。三次抽样 在每个DS上进行了为期1年的活动。在cast上研究了生物膜 铁券在设备中连续注入来自实验室的水，培育超过一个月 DS。使用潜在的外蛋白水解分析法（PEPA）对生物膜进行量化 以及生物膜从细胞中分离后的总TDC和异养平板计数（HPC） 超声波的支持。细菌计数和细菌计数 平行估计。在每个DS中，水中细菌的丰度都有很大的变化 观察:给定DS中最小值和最大值之间的比率为平均值 在所有采样点和活动时，TDC为100，可培养细菌为1000 都考虑过了。每个DS中也记录了非常不同的生物膜密度 用于量化生物膜的方法。控制生物膜的主要因素是 消毒剂残留量:当考虑所有生物膜数据时，微生物计数倾向于 随着消毒剂残留量的减少，遵循对数增加。多重线性 回归分析证实了消毒剂残留对生物膜的影响，并显示 对水中可培养细菌浓度有显著影响。最高水平的 在本研究中，PEPA法测得的生物膜高于其他方法测得的生物膜 最近在巴黎和布鲁塞尔的大规模DSs中记录。为了研究 水停留时间分为4组（0-20h；20-40h；40-80h；80-160h）。钟楼 在水中观察到每种微生物方法的曲线，而细菌 在停留时间为80级时，生物膜中的丰度趋于增加，达到最大值- 160小时。温度对水和生物膜中微生物数量的影响是可测量的 但相当有限。包括12个参考文献、表格和图表。

Biofilm and microbial water quality were studied on 4 middle size full-scale distribution systems (DSs) (maximum residence time from 23 to 160 h) deserving from 5,000 to 30,000 inhabitants. Three sampling campaigns have been performed over a 1 year period on each DS. Biofilm was studied on cast iron coupons incubated for more than one month in devices continuously fed with water from the DS. Biofilm was quantified using the potential exoproteolytic analysis method (PEPA) and by total (TDC) and heterotrophic plate counts (HPC) after detachment of the biofilm from the support by sonication. Microbiological water quality (TDC and plate counts) was estimated in parallel. In each DS, large variations of bacterial abundance in water were observed: the ratio between minimum and maximum values in a given DS was on average 100 for the TDC and 1000 for the cultivable bacteria when all sampling points and campaigns were considered. Very different biofilm densities in each DS were also recorded whatever the method used to quantify the biofilm. The main factor controlling the biofilm was the disinfectant residual: when all biofilm data were considered, microbial counts tended to follow a logarithmic increase as the disinfectant residual decreased. A multiple linear regression confirmed the impact of disinfectant residual on biofilm and also showed significant effects on cultivable bacteria concentration in water. The maximum level of biofilm measured during the present study by the PEPA method was higher than those recently recorded in large full-scale DSs in Paris and Brussels. In order to study the impact of water residence times, 4 groups (0-20h; 20-40h; 40-80h; 80-160h) were considered. A bellsharp curve was observed in water for each microbial method whereas the bacterial abundance in the biofilm tended to increase up to a maximum for the residence time class 80- 160h. The impact of temperature on microbial counts in water and biofilm was measurable but quite limited. Includes 12 references, tables, figures.