水侧污垢是一个运行问题，必须加以控制，以保持冷凝器的设计性能。此外，强化管上的污垢会带来额外的不确定性，可能会抵消其优越的热性能。关于污垢对热交换器设计的影响的一般指南确实存在；然而，了解污垢过程的动态性质对于缓解污垢至关重要。在大多数应用中，通常会观察到冷却水结垢。污垢问题的程度取决于水质、运行条件、监测系统和维护实践。 已经确定，对于具有螺旋加强件（具有高导程角和许多沿内径的内部元件）的管道，即美国暖通空调制造商目前应用的冷凝器管道主流中存在的结构，会发生显著的沉淀和颗粒污染。由于缺乏预测能力，污垢特性不能轻易推广到所有应用中。需要一种全面的方法来描述冷却水应用中的污垢倾向。 本项目的目的是开发一个数据库，用于描述光滑管和强化管中的污垢。拟议工作的一个关键要素是确认或反驳增强型水侧冷凝器管道的结垢率高于根据案例历史和现代设计实践预测的结垢率的趋势，其中大多数是考虑到如今新设备生产中不再采用水侧增强而开发的。该项目的第一阶段总结了相关文献。讨论了污垢的类型，并描述了污垢的物理机制。 重点关注沉淀污垢。本文总结了以往的污垢研究，并提供了大量参考文献。该项目的第二阶段旨在按地点建立水质数据库。除了提供现场遇到的水质范围的图片外，本练习旨在帮助选择用于第三阶段污垢测试的“平均”水质。一项针对各类建筑的运营商和业主的调查的回应相当差。获得的数据与之前的研究相结合（尽管提交的最终报告中没有明确说明）。 根据这些信息，定义了“低”、“平均”和“高”污染潜势水，用于第三阶段。该项目的第三阶段是测量光滑管和八个内部增强管中发生的污染，涵盖一系列内部脊起点、螺旋角和脊高。试验在三种水流条件下进行，水流速度分别为2、5和7英尺/秒。结果仅适用于速度为2英尺/秒的“低污染可能性”水条件。在这种情况下，报告的污垢水平非常低。 该项目的活动就此停止。目前尚不清楚是否在其他条件下完成了测试。最终报告确实包含对所用测试设施和测试程序的详细描述。单位:国际单位制

Water-side fouling is an operational problem and must be controlled to maintain design performance for a condenser. In addition, fouling on augmented tubes imposes an additional uncertainty and may negate the superior thermal performance. General guidelines for the effects of fouling on heat exchanger design do exist; however, it is essential to understand the dynamic nature of the fouling process for the mitigation of fouling.Cooling water fouling is commonly observerd for most applications. The extent of the fouling problem depends upon the water quality, operating conditions, monitoring system, and maintenance practice. It has been determined that significant precipitation and particulate fouling occurs for tubes having helical enhancements possessing a high lead angle and many internal elements along the internal diameter, i.e., structures existing in the mainstream of condenser tubing being applied today by US HVAC manufacturers.Due to a lack of prediction capabilities, fouling characteristics cannot be easily generalized for all applications. A comprehensive approach is required to characterize the propensity for fouling in cooling water applications. The purpose of this project is to develop a database for the characterization of fouling in smooth and augmented tubes. A key element of the proposed work is to confirm or disprove the tendency of enhanced waterside condenser tubing to suffer fouling rates greater than one would predict based upon case histories and modern design practices, most of which were developed considering water-side enhancements no longer applied today in new equipment production.Phase I of this project has produced a summary of relevant literature. The types of fouling are discussed along with descriptions of the physical mechanisms for fouling. Attention is focused on precipitaion fouling. Summaries of previous fouling studies are given along with an extensive list of references.Phase II of this project was directed at building a database of water quality by location. In addition to providing a picture of the range of water qualities that are encountered in the field, this excercise was meant to help select an "average" water quality to use in the Phase III fouling tests. Response was quite poor to a survey sent to operators and owners of a wide range of buildings. The data obtained was combined with a previous study (although this is not explicit in the submitted Final Report). From this information, "low", "average", and "high" fouling potential waters were defined for use in Phase III.Phase III of this project was to measure the fouling occurring in a smooth tube and eight internally enhanced tubes covering a range of internal ridge starts, helix angles, and ridge heights. The tests were to be run with the three water conditions at water velocities of 2, 5, and 7 ft/sec. Results are presented only for the "low fouling potential" water conditions at a velocity of 2 ft/sec. Very low levels of fouling were reported at this condition. Activity on the project was stopped at this point. Whether of not tests at other conditions were completed is not clear. The final report does contain a detailed description of the test facility and test procedures used.Units: SI