1.1 本指南介绍了电沉积和相关金属涂层中孔隙率和总缺陷的检测、识别和测量的一些可用标准方法，并提供了一些实验室类型的评估和验收。测试方法的一些应用见表 表1 和 表2 。 1.2 本指南不适用于通过热喷涂、离子轰击、溅射和其他类似技术生产的涂层，其中涂层以冲击基底的离散颗粒的形式施加。 1.3 本指南不适用于有益的或可控的孔隙率，例如微不连续铬涂层中存在的孔隙率。 1.4 孔隙率测试结果（包括严重缺陷的测试结果）作为化学反应最终产物出现。一些发生在原位，另一些发生在纸上或凝胶涂层中。 观察结果与测试方法、测试项目和买方要求一致。这些可以是目视检查（肉眼）或放大10倍（显微镜）。其他方法可能包括放大照片或显微照片。 1.5 试验方法仅作总结。有关如何执行测试的说明，必须参考各个标准。 1.6 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准。括号中给出的值仅供参考。 1.7 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.8 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 ===意义和用途====== 4.1 孔隙率测试表明涂层提供的保护或覆盖的完整性。当已知给定的涂层在适当沉积时具有保护性时，孔隙率可作为过程控制的一种衡量标准。基底光洁度和制备、镀浴、涂层工艺和处理的影响都可能影响测量的缺陷程度。 注1: 由孔隙暴露的基底可以是基底金属、底板或两者。 4.2 本指南中的测试涉及腐蚀反应，其中产品描绘了涂层中的孔隙。 由于这些产品的化学性质和性能可能与使用环境中发现的不相似，因此不建议使用这些测试来预测产品性能，除非首先与使用经验建立相关性。

1.1 This guide describes some of the available standard methods for the detection, identification, and measurement of porosity and gross defects in electrodeposited and related metallic coatings and provides some laboratory-type evaluations and acceptances. Some applications of the test methods are tabulated in Table 1 and Table 2 . 1.2 This guide does not apply to coatings that are produced by thermal spraying, ion bombardment, sputtering, and other similar techniques where the coatings are applied in the form of discrete particles impacting on the substrate. 1.3 This guide does not apply to beneficial or controlled porosity, such as that present in microdiscontinuous chromium coatings. 1.4 Porosity test results (including those for gross defects) occur as chemical reaction end products. Some occur in situ, others on paper, or in a gel coating. Observations are made that are consistent with the test method, the items being tested, and the requirements of the purchaser. These may be visual inspection (unaided eye) or by 10× magnification (microscope). Other methods may involve enlarged photographs or photomicrographs. 1.5 The test methods are only summarized. The individual standards must be referred to for the instructions on how to perform the tests. 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 Porosity tests indicate the completeness of protection or coverage offered by the coating. When a given coating is known to be protective when properly deposited, the porosity serves as a measure of the control of the process. The effects of substrate finish and preparation, plating bath, coating process, and handling, may all affect the degree of imperfection that is measured. Note 1: The substrate exposed by the pores may be the basis metal, an underplate, or both. 4.2 The tests in this guide involve corrosion reactions in which the products delineate pores in coatings. Since the chemistry and properties of these products may not resemble those found in service environments, these tests are not recommended for prediction of product performance unless correlation is first established with service experience.