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Bromide and Prechlorination Effects upon Disinfection Byproduct Formation within a Chlorine/Chloramine Disinfection Approach 氯/氯胺消毒方法中溴化物和预氯化对消毒副产物形成的影响
发布日期: 2004-06-17
当水与水接触时,溴化物会影响短期消毒副产物(DBP)的形成 氯气持续时间不超过4小时。溴:总有机碳(TOC)比率的增加导致 溴化三卤甲烷(THM)和卤乙酸(HAAs)的百分比。然而,TTHM动力学速率(质量 尽管溴化物与总有机碳的比例有所增加,但短期内两者的浓度(以摩尔为基础)相似 对于给定的水。二卤乙酸(DHAAs)和三卤乙酸(THAA)的短期动力学速率不同,其中DHAAs 在不到1小时的时间内表现出更快的动力学。此外,溴的卤化作用更强 效率和溴对质量产率(高分子量)的影响导致 短期内大量溴化物的形成。 DHAAs是由氯胺形成的,但预氯反应消耗的反应速度非常快 (5分钟)DHAA前体,如果使用氯胺,则会形成DHAA前体 只是用过。对于一种水,一些反应缓慢(5-20天)的DHAA前体 在预氯反应中消耗,而对于其他两种水,消耗时间较长- 定期收益率和 预氯化和非再氯化天然有机物(NOM)的动力学没有差异。包括12个参考文献、表格和图表。
Short-term disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation was impacted by bromide when the water was in contact with chlorine for times less than 4 hours. An increase in the bromide:total organic carbon (TOC) ratio resulted in an increase of the percentage of brominated Trihalomethanes (THMs) and Haloacetic Acids (HAAs). However, the rate of TTHM kinetics (mass and molar basis) were similar within the short-term, despite increasing the bromide:TOC ratio for a given water. The dihaloacetic acids (DHAAs) and trihaloacetic acids (THAA) short-term kinetic rates were different, where DHAAs exhibited faster kinetics for times less than 1 hour. Also, bromine's greater halogenation efficiency and bromine's influence upon the mass yield (higher molecular weight) led to the formation of significant amounts of brominated species on a mass basis within the short-term. DHAAs were formed due to chloramines, but the prechlorine reaction consumed very fast-reacting (5 minutes) DHAA precursors, which would otherwise be formed if chloramines were only used. For one water some of the slow-reacting (5-20 days) DHAA precursors were consumed in the prechlorine reaction, whereas for the other two waters the long-term yields and kinetics did not differ for prechlorinated and nonprechlorinated natural organic matter (NOM). Includes 12 references, tables, figures.
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发布单位或类别: 美国-美国给水工程协会
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