Since the First Edition of EEMUA 168 was published in 1991, there has been a significant rise in the understanding of the technology surrounding pressure testing. The variety and reliability of non-destructive testing techniques has increased and the application of fracture mechanics has provided a more quantitative approach. The new substantially revised Second Edition of EEMUA 168 reflects these developments and the concurrent changes to the standards for pressure vessels, particularly where 'proof stress' is of primary concern.