1.1 本试验方法涵盖了测定固体材料表面划痕硬度的实验室程序。在某些限制范围内，该测试方法适用于金属、陶瓷、聚合物和涂层表面。如本文所述，划痕硬度测试不旨在用作确定涂层附着力的手段，也不适用于除特定半球形尖端锥形触针以外的其他触针。 1.2 以国际单位制表示的值应被视为标准值。 本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.3 本标准可能涉及危险材料、操作和设备。本标准并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如果有的话）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前建立适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.4 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 =====意义和用途====== 5.1 本试验方法旨在测量固体表面在单点（触针尖端）作用下对永久变形的阻力。它是准静态硬度测试的一种配套方法，在这种测试中，将触针在一定的法向载荷下压入表面，并使用由此产生的深度或压痕尺寸来计算硬度值。与准静态硬度值不同，划痕硬度值涉及表面特性的不同组合，因为压头（在这种情况下是金刚石触针）沿着表面切向移动。 因此，划痕针下的应力状态不同于准静态压头下产生的应力。划痕硬度值原则上比准静态硬度值更适合衡量材料对表面损伤过程（如两体磨损）的抵抗力。 5.2 该试验方法适用于多种材料。这些包括金属、合金和一些聚合物。主要标准是划痕过程在被测表面产生可测量的划痕，而不会导致表面材料的灾难性断裂、剥落或广泛分层。 试验表面严重损坏，导致划痕宽度无法清楚识别，或划痕边缘碎裂或变形，使使用该试验方法确定划痕硬度值无效。由于材料表面损伤的程度和类型可能因施加的负载而异，因此该测试对某些类别材料的适用性可能受到可以进行有效划痕宽度测量的最大负载的限制。 5.3 材料对单点磨损的抵抗力可能受到其对变形过程应变率的敏感性的影响。 因此，该测试是在低触针移动速度下进行的。使用缓慢的刮擦速度也可以最大限度地减少摩擦加热的可能影响。 5.4 该测试使用在移除触针后对残余划痕宽度的测量来计算划痕硬度值。因此，它反映的是划痕后的永久变形，而不是表面弹塑性复合变形的瞬时状态，测量负载下穿透深度的仪器也是如此。

1.1 This test method covers laboratory procedures for determining the scratch hardness of the surfaces of solid materials. Within certain limitations, this test method is applicable to metals, ceramics, polymers, and coated surfaces. The scratch hardness test, as described herein, is not intended to be used as a means to determine coating adhesion, nor is it intended for use with other than specific hemispherically tipped, conical styli. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 This test method is intended to measure the resistance of solid surfaces to permanent deformation under the action of a single point (stylus tip). It is a companion method to quasi-static hardness tests in which a stylus is pressed into a surface under a certain normal load and the resultant depth or impression size is used to compute a hardness number. Scratch hardness numbers, unlike quasi-static hardness numbers, involve a different combination of properties of the surface because the indenter, in this case a diamond stylus, moves tangentially along the surface. Therefore, the stress state under the scratching stylus differs from that produced under a quasi-static indenter. Scratch hardness numbers are in principle a more appropriate measure of the resistance of a material to surface damage processes like two-body abrasion than are quasi-static hardness numbers. 5.2 This test method is applicable to a wide range of materials. These include metals, alloys, and some polymers. The main criteria are that the scratching process produces a measurable scratch in the surface being tested without causing catastrophic fracture, spallation, or extensive delamination of surface material. Severe damage to the test surface, such that the scratch width is not clearly identifiable or that the edges of the scratch are chipped or distorted, invalidates the use of this test method to determine a scratch hardness number. Since the degree and type of surface damage in a material may vary with applied load, the applicability of this test to certain classes of materials may be limited by the maximum load at which valid scratch width measurements can be made. 5.3 The resistance of a material to abrasion by a single point may be affected by its sensitivity to the strain rate of the deformation process. Therefore, this test is conducted under low stylus traversing speeds. Use of a slow scratching speed also minimizes the possible effects of frictional heating. 5.4 This test uses measurements of the residual scratch width after the stylus has been removed to compute the scratch hardness number. Therefore, it reflects the permanent deformation after scratching and not the instantaneous state of combined elastic and plastic deformation of the surface, as do instruments which measure penetration depth under load.