ISO/IEC 29341-8-11:2008(E) is an optional service which includes all IP / layer-3 routing services. However, any such services that are configurable on a per connection instance basis, will be modeled in the context of the connection service itself. Network Address Translation (NAT) and Realm Specific (RSIP) are examples of such services. The series of ISO/IEC 29341 publications defines an architecture for pervasive peer-to-peer network connectivity of intelligent appliances, wireless devices and PCs. It is designed to bring easy to use, flexible, standards-based connectivity to ad-hoc or unmanaged networks whether in the home, in a small business, public spaces or attached to the Internet.