1.1 本指南提供了用于测试土壤、岩石和相关建筑材料的通用天平和标准质量的最低要求。 1.2 本指南为评估、选择和规定土壤、岩石和相关建筑材料测试中使用的通用天平和标准质量提供了指导。 1.3 天平的精度要求是根据所有误差源对整体天平性能的综合影响来规定的。有意避免测量特定的误差来源和考虑与平衡结构有关的细节。 1.4 本指南不包括精度高于土壤、岩石和相关建筑材料测试或研究项目或专业测试要求的天平要求。 1.5 本指南不适用于非梯度天平。 1.6 本指南不涉及用于验证或量化处理余额的特定参数的方法。有关用于评估天平性能的测试说明，请参阅NIST手册44。 1.7 本指南并非用于购买余额的规范。 注1: 美国国家标准与技术研究所（NIST），前身为美国国家标准局（NBS）和国际法定计量组织（OIML）发布了标准或实践，规定了天平的施工要求和性能指南。ASTM、OIML和NIST发布了标准质量的施工标准和公差。 注2: 本标准中使用了术语“质量”和“确定质量”，而不是更常用的术语“重量”和“重量”，以符合标准公制惯例。此外，当提及用于比较或测量其他质量的已知指定质量的材料时，使用术语“标准质量”代替“标准重量”。 1.8 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准。 1.9 本指南提供了有组织的信息收集或一系列选项，不建议采取具体行动。本文件不能取代教育或经验，应与专业判断结合使用。并非本指南的所有方面都适用于所有情况。本ASTM标准并不代表或取代必须判断给定专业服务是否充分的护理标准，也不应在不考虑项目许多独特方面的情况下应用本文件。本文件标题中的“标准”一词仅表示该文件已通过ASTM共识程序批准。 1.10 本标准并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.11 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 本指南为那些使用土壤、岩石和相关建筑材料相关标准的人提供了一种选择特定标准所需平衡的方法。 4.2 本指南提供了与土壤、岩石和相关建筑材料相关的书写标准，其中规定了特定标准所需的平衡能力，并以统一的方式描述了所选的平衡。 4.3 本指南为进行土壤、岩石和相关建筑材料测试的机构提供了选择和评估通用天平和标准质量的指导。 4.4 本指南为检验机构提供了评估通用天平和标准质量的标准。

1.1 This guide provides minimum requirements for general-purpose balances and standard masses used in testing soil, rock, and related construction materials. 1.2 This guide provides guidance for evaluating, selecting, and specifying general purpose balances and standard masses used in testing soil, rock, and related construction materials. 1.3 The accuracy requirements for balances are specified in terms of the combined effect of all sources of error contributing to overall balance performance. The measurement of specific sources of error and consideration of details pertaining to balance construction has been intentionally avoided. 1.4 This guide does not include requirements for balances having accuracies greater than those generally required in testing soil, rock, and related construction materials or for research programs or specialized testing requirements. 1.5 This guide does not apply to nongraduated balances. 1.6 This guide does not address the methods used to verify or quantify specific parameters dealing with balances. For a description of tests used in evaluating balance performance, see NIST Handbook 44. 1.7 This guide is not intended to be used as a specification for the purchase of balances. Note 1: The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), formerly the National Bureau of Standards (NBS), and the International Organization of Legal Metrology (OIML) publish standards or practices that specify construction requirements as well as performance guides for balances. ASTM, OIML, and NIST publish construction standards and tolerances for standard masses. Note 2: The terms “mass” and “determine the mass of” are used in this standard instead of the more commonly used terms “weight” and “weigh” to comply with standard metric practice. In addition, the term “standard mass(es)” is used instead of “standard weight(s)” when referring to a piece of material of known specified mass used to compare or measure the mass of other masses. 1.8 The values states in SI units are to be regarded as standard. 1.9 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process. 1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 This guide provides those using standards related to soil, rock, and related construction materials, with a means for selecting the balance required for a particular standard. 4.2 This guide provides those writing standards pertaining to soil, rock, and related construction materials with a means for specifying the balance capabilities required for a particular standard and for describing the balance selected in a uniform fashion. 4.3 This guide provides agencies conducting soil, rock, and related construction materials, testing with guidance for selecting and evaluating general purpose balances and standard masses. 4.4 This guide provides inspection organizations with criteria for evaluating general purpose balances and standard masses.