1.1 本试验方法涵盖了在-10℃的温度下，通过冷起动模拟器（CCS）在实验室测定发动机机油和基础油的表观粘度 °C和-35 约50°C的剪切应力 000 Pa至100 000 Pa和剪切速率约为10 5. 至10 4. s –1 粘度约为900 mPa·s至25 000 mPa·s。仪器的范围取决于仪器型号和安装的软件版本。该方法得出的表观起动粘度结果与发动机机油的发动机起动特性有关。 1.2 提供了一种在手动仪器中测量高粘弹性油的特殊程序。看见 附录X2 . 1.3 提供了使用冷起动模拟器手动和自动测定发动机机油表观粘度的程序。 1.4 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准值。本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.5 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 第节给出了具体的警告声明 8. . 1.6 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 汽车发动机机油的CCS表观粘度与低温发动机起动相关。CCS表观粘度不适用于预测流向发动机机油泵和机油分配系统的低温流量。 发动机盘车数据由协调研究委员会（CRC）L-49测量 5. 使用粘度在600之间的参考油进行测试 -17.8时的mPa·s和8400 mPa·s（cP） °C，在2000 mPa·s和20之间 -28.9时为000 mPa·s（cP） °C.该发动机起动数据与CCS表观粘度之间的详细关系见1967年T版试验方法附录X1和X2 D2602 6. 和CRC报告409。 5. 由于CRC L-49测试远不如CCS程序精确和标准化，CCS表观粘度不需要准确预测特定发动机中机油的发动机盘车行为。然而，CCS表观粘度与平均CRC L-49发动机起动结果的相关性令人满意。 5.2 在-1℃之间的温度下，证实了CCS与表观粘度和发动机起动之间的相关性 °C和-40 17种商用发动机机油（SAE 5W、10W、15W和20W级）的工作温度为°C。 对合成油和矿物油产品进行了评估。见ASTM STP 621。 7. 5.3 在低温发动机性能研究中，建立了轻型发动机起动性和CCS测量的表观粘度之间的相关性。这项研究使用了10台20世纪90年代的发动机，温度范围为-5℃ °C降至-40 °C，含六种商用发动机机油（SAE 0W、5W、10W、15W、20W和25W）。 8. 5.4 基础油的盘车粘度测量通常用于确定其是否适合用于发动机机油配方。该方法的大量校准油是可用于发动机机油配方的基础油。

1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination of apparent viscosity of engine oils and base stocks by cold cranking simulator (CCS) at temperatures between –10 °C and –35 °C at shear stresses of approximately 50 000 Pa to 100 000 Pa and shear rates of approximately 10 5 to 10 4 s –1 for viscosities of approximately 900 mPa·s to 25 000 mPa·s. The range of an instrument is dependent on the instrument model and software version installed. Apparent Cranking Viscosity results by this method are related to engine-cranking characteristics of engine oils. 1.2 A special procedure is provided for measurement of highly viscoelastic oils in manual instruments. See Appendix X2 . 1.3 Procedures are provided for both manual and automated determination of the apparent viscosity of engine oils using the cold-cranking simulator. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in Section 8 . 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 The CCS apparent viscosity of automotive engine oils correlates with low temperature engine cranking. CCS apparent viscosity is not suitable for predicting low temperature flow to the engine oil pump and oil distribution system. Engine cranking data were measured by the Coordinating Research Council (CRC) L-49 5 test with reference oils that had viscosities between 600 mPa·s and 8400 mPa·s (cP) at –17.8 °C and between 2000 mPa·s and 20 000 mPa·s (cP) at –28.9 °C. The detailed relationship between this engine cranking data and CCS apparent viscosities is in Appendixes X1 and X2 of the 1967 T edition of Test Method D2602 6 and CRC Report 409. 5 Because the CRC L-49 test is much less precise and standardized than the CCS procedures, CCS apparent viscosity need not accurately predict the engine cranking behavior of an oil in a specific engine. However, the correlation of CCS apparent viscosity with average CRC L-49 engine cranking results is satisfactory. 5.2 The correlation between CCS and apparent viscosity and engine cranking was confirmed at temperatures between –1 °C and –40 °C by work on 17 commercial engine oils (SAE grades 5W, 10W, 15W, and 20W). Both synthetic and mineral oil based products were evaluated. See ASTM STP 621. 7 5.3 A correlation was established in a low temperature engine performance study between light duty engine startability and CCS measured apparent viscosity. This study used ten 1990s engines at temperatures ranging from –5 °C down to –40 °C with six commercial engine oils (SAE 0W, 5W, 10W, 15W, 20W, and 25W). 8 5.4 The measurement of the cranking viscosity of base stocks is typically done to determine their suitability for use in engine oil formulations. A significant number of the calibration oils for this method are base stocks that could be used in engine oil formulations.