1.1 本指南涵盖了法医实验室人员在通过显微镜进行头发法医检查时使用的程序，包括头发样本的显微镜比较和分类。 1.2 本指南介绍了仪器设置、头发收集、样品处理技术，以及在头发检查和比较中使用各种显微镜。 1.3 本指南阐述了以下显微镜检查与DNA分析的益处。 1.4 本标准适用于受过必要正规教育和专业培训的合格法医学从业人员（见实践 E2917型 )，并表现出熟练的法医案件处理能力。 1.5 本标准并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.6 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 =====意义和用途====== 4.1 进行头发显微镜检查，以确定物品是否为头发；来自人类；来自特定的体细胞区域；具有广泛的地理分布的祖先群体的特点；特定生长阶段的特征；损坏疾病、状况或紊乱的症状；强行移除；化学改变（例如，染色或漂白）；适用于显微镜比较；适合DNA分析；与已知样本相似或不同 ( 4- 9 ) . 4.2 通常，头部和身体阴部的毛发用于显微镜下的比较。头发和阴毛的特征通常比其他身体部位的头发更具人际差异性。头发通常比阴毛表现出更多的人际差异。来自其他身体区域的毛发也可以进行比较，但这些比较通常是有限的，也不太频繁。因此，本指南主要考虑人头和阴毛的比较。 4.3 显微镜下的头发比较并不是个体化的手段 ( 10 ) 这一限制应在报告关联时的任何通信（例如报告、证词）中说明。 4.4 可以对化学改变的头发（例如染色的头发）或表面有微量物质（例如闪光）进行附加分析。 这些技术超出了本文档的范围。

1.1 This guide covers procedures used by forensic laboratory personnel in the forensic examination of hair by microscopy, including microscopical comparisons and classification of hair samples. 1.2 This guide addresses instrument setup, hair collection, sample handling techniques, and the use of various microscopes in the examination and comparison of hair. 1.3 This guide addresses the benefit of following microscopical examinations with DNA analysis. 1.4 This standard is intended for use by competent forensic science practitioners with the requisite formal education, discipline-specific training (see Practice E2917 ), and demonstrated proficiency to perform forensic casework. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 A microscopical hair examination is conducted to determine if the item is a hair; from a human; from a particular somatic region; characteristic of a broad geographically-assigned ancestral group; characteristic of a particular growth phase; damaged; symptomatic of disease, condition, or disorder; forcibly removed; chemically altered (for example, dyed or bleached); suitable for microscopical comparison; suitable for DNA analysis; and similar to or different from a known sample ( 4- 9 ) . 4.2 Most often, hairs from the head and pubic regions of the body are used for microscopical comparisons. There is usually more interpersonal variability in the characteristics of head and pubic hairs than in the hairs from other somatic regions. Head hairs usually show more interpersonal variation than pubic hairs. Hairs from other somatic regions may also be compared, but these comparisons are usually limited and less frequently conducted. Accordingly, this guide primarily considers human head and pubic hair comparisons. 4.3 Microscopical hair comparisons are not a means of individualization ( 10 ) . This limitation is to be stated in any communication (for example, reports, testimony) when an association is reported. 4.4 Additional analyses can be performed on hairs that have been chemically altered (for example, dyed hair) or have trace materials on the surface (for example, glitter). Such techniques are beyond the scope of this document.