1.1 本规程涵盖浸渍有液体电介质的绝缘纸和纸板的制备。如果本惯例仅规定“纸张”，则相同的程序应适用于董事会。 1.2 已发现该做法适用于标称厚度为0.05 mm（2 mil）及以上的纸张。它已成功用于6毫米厚的绝缘板( 1. / 4. 英寸。）注意确保有效测量介电性能所需的试样几何形状。合适的几何形状取决于使用的电极系统。刚性固体对电极需要具有基本平行表面的扁平试样。 1.3 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准值。本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.4 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 损耗因子和相对介电常数- 在设计电缆、变压器、绝缘子等电气设备时，了解这些特性非常重要。电介质系统这两个特性的数值乘积与转换为热量的能量损耗成正比，称为其损耗指数（见术语 D1711 ). 能量损失降低了电气设备的效率。产生的热量往往会使介电材料发生化学降解，甚至可能导致热失控。浸渍试样的测试结果可以揭示纸和油的组合之间的显著差异，当纸和油单独测试时，这些组合看起来相似。耗散因子，尤其是在高温下，往往因液体或纸张中存在少量杂质而发生显著变化。这种做法有助于比较材料和评估不同纸张对给定液体的影响。 对时间、温度和场强方面的结果进行明智的分析有助于预测使用纸张和液体的系统的性能和能力。有关耗散因子和相对介电常数重要性的更多信息，请参阅测试方法 D150型 . 5.2 商业电源频率下固体电绝缘材料的介电击穿电压和介电强度的试验方法: 5.2.1 试验方法附录X1全面讨论了适用于固体、半固体和液体材料的介电强度试验的意义 D149 . 优质复合绝缘材料特有的其他因素，如油浸纸，考虑如下: 5.2.2 在涉及高电应力的测试中，将测试电路的关键部件浸入油中是一种广泛使用的抑制电晕的技术。然而，在使用本规程的浸入式电极选项时，必须认识到其局限性( 注1 ). 无论流体是空气还是油，电极边缘周围流体中产生的电晕都会对纸张造成侵蚀。电晕发生在油中的电压远高于空气中的电压。厚而密的纸张更有可能导致放电引起的故障。对于击穿测量的解释，考虑边缘击穿的数量，这意味着放电引起的击穿。 注1: 在行业中，有两种技术用于测试样品的介电击穿电压。其中一种方法是将电极和试样浸没在浸渍液中进行试验，而另一种方法是不浸没电极，即在空气中对试样进行试验。使用后一种技术积累了大量数据。这些技术产生不同的击穿电压值。试验方法 D149 说明在使用介质中测试材料的偏好。浸入式电极的使用遵循这一偏好。 测试厚绝缘板时，最好使用浸入式电极。 5.2.3 油浸纸的工频测试结果有助于筛选、研究和质量控制，前提是在解释结果时进行了大量判断。将测试结果应用于设备设计和服务需要特别小心和技巧（见测试方法附录X1 D149 ). 5.3 冲击条件下的介电击穿电压和介电强度- 在冲击条件下测试浸渍纸或纸板可以为电气设备的设计者提供有用的数据。试验结果有助于材料比较和研究。有关冲击试验意义的更一般性论述，请参见试验方法 D3426 .

1.1 This practice covers the preparation of insulating paper and board impregnated with a liquid dielectric. Where this practice states only “paper,” the same procedure shall apply to board. 1.2 This practice has been found practicable for papers having nominal thickness of 0.05 mm (2 mil) and above. It has been used successfully for insulating board as thick as 6 mm ( 1 / 4 in.) when care is taken to ensure the specimen geometry necessary for valid measurement of dielectric properties. Suitable geometry depends on the electrode system used. Rigid solid opposing electrodes require flat specimens that have essentially parallel surfaces. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 Dissipation Factor and Relative Permittivity— Knowledge of these properties is important in the design of electrical equipment such as cables, transformers, insulators, and so forth. The numerical product of these two properties of a dielectric system is proportional to the energy loss converted to heat, and is called its loss index (see Terminology D1711 ). The energy loss reduces the efficiency of electrical equipment. The heat produced tends to chemically degrade the dielectric material and may even lead to thermal runaway. Test results of impregnated specimens can disclose significant differences between combinations of papers and oils that appear similar when the papers and the oils are tested separately. Dissipation factor, particularly at elevated temperatures, is often changed significantly by the presence of a small quantity of impurities in either the liquid or the paper. This practice is useful in the comparison of materials and in evaluating the effects of different papers on a given liquid. Judicious analysis of results with respect to time, temperature, and field strength are useful in predicting the performance and capabilities of systems using the paper and the liquid. For additional information on the significance of dissipation factor and relative permittivity, see Test Methods D150 . 5.2 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials at Commercial Power Frequencies: 5.2.1 A comprehensive discussion of the significance of the dielectric strength test as applied to solid, semi-solid, and liquid materials is given in Appendix X1 of Test Method D149 . Other factors peculiar to high-quality composite insulations, such as oil-impregnated papers, are considered in the following: 5.2.2 In tests involving high electrical stresses, immersion of critical parts of a test circuit in oil is a widely used technique for inhibiting corona. However, it has limitations that must be recognized when using the submerged electrode option of this practice ( Note 1 ). Attack on the paper by corona generated in the surrounding fluid at electrode edges can occur whether the fluid is air or oil. Corona occurs at considerably higher voltages in oil than in air. Thick and dense papers are more likely to cause discharge-initiated breakdowns. For interpretation of breakdown measurements consider the number of edge breakdowns, implying discharge-initiated breakdowns. Note 1: Two techniques are in use in the industry for testing specimens for dielectric breakdown voltage. In one, the test is made with the electrodes and test specimen submerged in the impregnating liquid while in the other the electrodes are not submerged, that is, the specimen is tested in air. Much data has been accumulated using the latter technique. These techniques yield different values of breakdown voltage. Test Method D149 states preference for testing materials in the medium in which they are used. The use of submerged electrodes follows this preference. When testing thick insulating boards, the use of submerged electrodes is greatly preferred. 5.2.3 The results of power frequency tests on oil impregnated papers are useful for screening, research, and quality control, provided that considerable judgment is exercised in interpreting the results. The application of the test results to equipment design and service requires particular caution and skill (see Appendix X1 of Test Method D149 ). 5.3 Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and Dielectric Strength Under Impulse Conditions— Testing impregnated paper or board under impulse conditions can yield useful data for the designer of electrical equipment. The test results are useful in the comparison of materials and for research studies. For a more general treatise on the significance of impulse testing see Test Method D3426 .