评估美国饮酒的成本和收益 水标准通常只考虑一个标准。 污染物或污染物类别。然而 美国环境保护局（USEPA）正在进行调查 制定和实施多项计划的过程 新的法规和饮用水系统将 希望同时遵守所有这些规定。 不同法规的联合效应不一定是 单个法规的影响总和。 在某些情况下，处理一种污染物可能会 清除其他污染物。在其他情况下，治疗 因为一种污染物（例如病原体）可能导致 更难遵守其他方面的规定 污染物（例如消毒副产品）。 开发了一个模型来评估模拟 遵守多项法规的国家成本和收益 饮用水标准。对于每个 55000个美国社区供水系统，集中 原水成分、处理类型、， 并从统计数据中抽取去除效率 用于计算成品水的模型和参数 浓度。 模拟不同法规在不同阶段的影响 同时使用相同的建模假设 允许替代法规的成本效益 在平等的基础上进行比较。比如这个 研究发现，修正后的砷最大污染量 级别（MCL）比铀更具成本效益 MCL有助于降低癌症风险。 通过促进更直接的成本效益比较 在不同的法规中，一个完整的 该模型可以帮助公用事业公司优先考虑其监管要求 选项。此外，更好地了解联合 不同法规的影响可能有助于美国环保局和 其他利益相关者需要设计更有效的总体方案 监管计划。包括55个参考文献、表格和图表。

Evaluations of the costs and benefits of US drinking water standards typically consider only a single contaminant or class of contaminants. However, the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) is in the process of formulating and implementing multiple new regulations, and drinking water systems will be expected to comply with all of them simultaneously. The joint effects of different regulations are not necessarily the sum of the effects of the individual regulations. In some cases, treating for one contaminant may remove other contaminants. In other instances, treating for one contaminant (e.g., pathogens) may make it more difficult to comply with regulations for other contaminants (e.g., disinfection byproducts). A simulation model was developed to assess the national costs and benefits of compliance with multiple drinking water standards. For each of the approximately 55,000 US community water systems, concentrations of raw water constituents, treatment type, and removal efficiencies were sampled from statistical models and used to compute finished water concentrations. Modeling the effects of different regulations at the same time and using the same modeling assumptions allowed the cost-effectiveness of alternative regulations to be compared on an equal basis. For example, this study found that the revised arsenic maximum contaminant level (MCL) is more cost-effective than the uranium MCL at reducing cancer risk. By facilitating more direct comparison of the cost-effectiveness of different regulations, an integrated model can help utilities prioritize their regulatory options. In addition, a better understanding of the joint effects of different regulations may help USEPA and other stakeholders to design more effective overall regulatory programs. Includes 55 references, tables, figures.