1.1 本试验方法中的程序包括使用蒸馏和联苯钠还原、蒸馏和微库仑法或蒸馏和X射线荧光（XRF）光谱法测定原油中的有机氯化物（高于1 μ g/g有机结合氯）。 1.2 本试验方法中的程序包括在氯化物测定前蒸馏原油试样以获得石脑油馏分。由此可以获得整个原油的石脑油馏分的氯化物含量。见第节 6 关于潜在的干扰。 1.3 程序A涵盖通过联苯钠还原然后电位滴定法测定原油洗涤石脑油馏分中的有机氯化物。 1.4 程序B涵盖通过氧化燃烧然后微库仑滴定测定原油的洗涤石脑油馏分中的有机氯化物。1.5 程序C涵盖了通过X射线荧光光谱法测定原油洗涤石脑油馏分中的有机氯化物。 1.6 以SI单位表示的值将被视为标准值。本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.6.1 优选的浓度单位是微克氯化物/克样品，尽管毫克氯化物/千克样品通常用于程序C。 1.7 本标准并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全性问题（如果有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前建立适当的安全、健康和环境实践并确定法规限制的适用性。 1.8 本国际标准是根据W发布的关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒委员会。 ======意义和用途====== 5.1 有机氯化物不天然存在于原油中。当存在时，它们是由某种方式的污染引起的，例如许多脱蜡管道或其他设备操作中使用的氯化溶剂的处理。 5.1.1 未受污染的原油不含可检测到的有机氯化物，大多数炼油厂可以处理非常少量的有机氯化物而不会产生有害影响。 5.1.1.1 大多数贸易合同规定原油中不存在有机氯化物。 5.1.2 基于石脑油馏分占原始样品的20%，几条管道将整个原油中有机氯化物的规格限值设定为<1 mg/kg，轻质石脑油中有机氯化物的规格限值为<5 mg/kg。 5.1.2.1 为确保原油中的有机氯化物<1mg/kg，在石脑油馏分中测得的量应<1/f（其中f是用 等式3 ). 5.1.3 原油中存在的有机氯化物(例如二氯甲烷、全氯乙烯等)通常被蒸馏成石脑油馏分。有些化合物在分馏过程中分解，产生盐酸，具有腐蚀作用。一些化合物在分馏后存活，并在加氢处理(石脑油的脱硫)过程中被破坏。 5.2 其它卤化物也可用于原油脱蜡；在这种情况下，任何有机卤化物将对精炼操作具有与有机氯化物相似的影响。 5.3 有机氯化物物质对炼油过程具有潜在的破坏性。盐酸可以在加氢处理或重整反应器中产生，并且酸积聚在炼油厂的冷凝区中。意外浓度的有机氯化物不能被有效中和，并可能导致损害。不知道有机氯化物天然存在于原油中，通常由生产场所、管道或储罐的清洁操作产生。对于石油工业来说，重要的是要有通用的方法来测定原油中的有机氯化物，特别是当涉及转移监管时。

1.1 The procedures in this test method cover the determination of organic chloride (above 1 μg/g organically-bound chlorine) in crude oils, using either distillation and sodium biphenyl reduction, distillation and microcoulometry, or distillation and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry. 1.2 The procedures in this test method involve the distillation of crude oil test specimens to obtain a naphtha fraction prior to chloride determination. The chloride content of the naphtha fraction of the whole crude oil can thereby be obtained. See Section 6 regarding potential interferences. 1.3 Procedure A covers the determination of organic chloride in the washed naphtha fraction of crude oil by sodium biphenyl reduction followed by potentiometric titration. 1.4 Procedure B covers the determination of organic chloride in the washed naphtha fraction of crude oil by oxidative combustion followed by microcoulometric titration. 1.5 Procedure C covers the determination of organic chloride in the washed naphtha fraction of crude oil by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.6.1 The preferred concentration units are micrograms of chloride per gram of sample, though milligrams of chloride per kilogram of sample is commonly used for Procedure C. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 Organic chlorides do not occur naturally in crude oil. When present, they result from contamination in some manner, such as disposal of chlorinated solvent used in many dewaxing pipeline or other equipment operations. 5.1.1 Uncontaminated crude oil will contain no detectable organic chloride, and most refineries can handle very small amounts without deleterious effects. 5.1.1.1 Most trade contracts specify that no organic chloride is present in the crude oil. 5.1.2 Several pipelines have set specification limits at <1 mg/kg organic chlorides in the whole crude, and <5 mg/kg in the light naphtha, on the basis of the naphtha fraction being 20 % of the original sample. 5.1.2.1 To ensure <1 mg/kg organic chloride in the crude oil, the amount measured in the naphtha fraction shall be <1/f (where f is the naphtha fraction calculated with Eq 3 ). 5.1.3 Organic chloride present in the crude oil (for example, methylene chloride, perchloroethylene, etc.) is usually distilled into the naphtha fraction. Some compounds break down during fractionation and produce hydrochloric acid, which has a corrosive effect. Some compounds survive fractionation and are destroyed during hydro-treating (desulfurization of the naphtha). 5.2 Other halides can also be used for dewaxing crude oil; in such cases, any organic halides will have similar impact on the refining operations as the organic chlorides. 5.3 Organic chloride species are potentially damaging to refinery processes. Hydrochloric acid can be produced in hydrotreating or reforming reactors and the acid accumulates in condensing regions of the refinery. Unexpected concentrations of organic chlorides cannot be effectively neutralized and damage can result. Organic chlorides are not known to be naturally present in crude oils and usually result from cleaning operations at producing sites, pipelines, or tanks. It is important for the oil industry to have common methods available for the determination of organic chlorides in crude oil, particularly when transfer of custody is involved.