1.1 本试验方法描述了通过水淬法测定高级陶瓷的抗热冲击性。该方法基于在室温水浴中高温快速淬火试样的实验原理。通过测量在一定温度范围内加热的试样快速淬火产生的抗弯强度降低来评估热冲击的影响。对于抗热冲击性的定量测量，临界温度区间是通过平均抗弯强度降低至少30%来确定的。该测试方法不能确定由于陶瓷体内的稳态温差或连接体之间的热膨胀失配而产生的热应力。该测试方法不是为了确定陶瓷材料对重复冲击的抵抗力。 由于抗热震性的测定是通过评估保留强度来进行的，因此该方法不适用于陶瓷部件；然而，也可以使用从组件上切下的试样。 1.2 该测试方法主要适用于致密的整体陶瓷，但也可能适用于某些复合材料，如宏观均匀的须晶或颗粒增强陶瓷基复合材料。 1.3 本标准试验方法中表示的值符合国际单位制（SI）和 IEEE/asm SI 10 . 1.4 本标准并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如果有的话）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前建立适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.5 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 =====意义和用途====== 5.1 先进陶瓷的高温性能是许多要求苛刻的工程应用的关键性能优势。在许多这些应用中，先进陶瓷必须在宽的温度范围内工作，并暴露在温度和热通量的突然变化中。陶瓷材料的抗热震性是决定部件在瞬态热条件下耐久性的关键因素。 5.2 该测试方法可用于材料开发、质量保证、表征和耐久性评估。由于弯曲试验几何形状在确定基本拉伸性能方面的局限性，它对设计数据生成的价值有限。 5.3 附录X1 （遵循EN 820-3）介绍了热应力、热冲击和关键材料/几何因素。附录还包含对稳态下热膨胀产生的应力的数学分析- 状态和瞬态条件，由机械性能、热特性和传热效应决定。

1.1 This test method describes the determination of the resistance of advanced ceramics to thermal shock by water quenching. The method builds on the experimental principle of rapid quenching of a test specimen at an elevated temperature in a water bath at room temperature. The effect of the thermal shock is assessed by measuring the reduction in flexural strength produced by rapid quenching of test specimens heated across a range of temperatures. For a quantitative measurement of thermal shock resistance, a critical temperature interval is determined by a reduction in the mean flexural strength of at least 30 %. The test method does not determine thermal stresses developed as a result of a steady-state temperature difference within a ceramic body or of thermal expansion mismatch between joined bodies. The test method is not intended to determine the resistance of a ceramic material to repeated shocks. Since the determination of the thermal shock resistance is performed by evaluating retained strength, the method is not suitable for ceramic components; however, test specimens cut from components may be used. 1.2 The test method is intended primarily for dense monolithic ceramics, but may also be applicable to certain composites such as whisker- or particulate-reinforced ceramic matrix composites that are macroscopically homogeneous. 1.3 Values expressed in this standard test method are in accordance with the International System of Units (SI) and IEEE/ASTM SI 10 . 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 The high temperature capabilities of advanced ceramics are a key performance benefit for many demanding engineering applications. In many of those applications, advanced ceramics will have to perform across a broad temperature range with exposure to sudden changes in temperature and heat flux. Thermal shock resistance of the ceramic material is a critical factor in determining the durability of the component under transient thermal conditions. 5.2 This test method is useful for material development, quality assurance, characterization, and assessment of durability. It has limited value for design data generation, because of the limitations of the flexural test geometry in determining fundamental tensile properties. 5.3 Appendix X1 (following EN 820-3) provides an introduction to thermal stresses, thermal shock, and critical material/geometry factors. The appendix also contains a mathematical analysis of the stresses developed by thermal expansion under steady-state and transient conditions, as determined by mechanical properties, thermal characteristics, and heat transfer effects.