1.1 本标准扩展了钢铸件参考射线照片的应用 E446 , E186 和 E280 执行胶片射线照相和数字参考图像时 E2868年 和 E3030 当确定适合特定应用时，对球墨铸铁铸件进行数字射线照相时（见第 4. ). 1.2 参考射线底片是参考射线底片的附件 E446 , E186 或 E280 ，如有需要，必须从ASTM International单独购买。同样，当执行数字射线照相时，数字参考图像是数字参考图像的附件 E2868年 和 E3030 如有需要，必须从ASTM International单独购买（见 2.1 ). 上述各适用标准中描述了这些参考射线照片所代表的每种不连续类型的类别和严重程度。 注1: 这些参考射线照片的应用基础需要事先获得买方-供应商关于第节所述射线检测属性和分类标准的协议 4. , 5. 和 6. 符合本标准。 1.3 有时，参考射线照片辅助材料的制造工艺可能会有微小变化。 这些变化可能包括所用薄膜或加工化学品的变化、硬纸板垫模具或印刷的变化等。；然而，在所有情况下，这些变化均由插图监测小组委员会审查，并根据固定原型图像审查所有参考射线照片，以确保参考射线照片所代表的验收水平没有变化。因此，无论文本标准的生产日期或修订水平如何，附加参考射线照片均适用于本标准。 1.4 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.5 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 铸造工艺证明了球墨铸铁和铸钢内部不连续性之间的射线照相相似性，以至于钢铸件的参考射线照相适用。然而，钢铸件参考射线照片中包含的不连续性分类的准确应用和使用必须考虑铸钢和球墨铸铁之间材料性能的差异。在某些应用中，根据设计或其他使用标准，钢铸件的参考射线照片可能不完全适用于球墨铸铁材料。 4.2 当使用钢铸件参考射线照相来评估用于胶片射线照相的球墨铸铁铸件时，适用的 E446 , E186 或 E280 具体指导和评估程序也应使用铸钢书面标准。当采用数字射线照相方法时，数字参考图像中的数字参考图像 E2868年 和 E3030 应使用。 4.3 这些参考射线照片旨在作为制造商和买方通过相互协议选择特定不连续等级作为代表最低可接受水平的标准的基础。 当确定适用于铸造服务应用时，根据买方-供应商协议的约定，这些铸钢标准代表的参考射线照片可用于这些标准范围以外的辐射能级、厚度或两者 4.4 根据本标准使用参考射线照片的人员应符合国家或国际公认的无损检测人员资格认证惯例或标准（如ANSI/ASNT）进行射线照相解释的资格和授权- CP-189、SNT-TC-1A、NAS 410、ISO 9712或类似文件，并由业主或认证机构认证（如适用）。使用的惯例或标准及其适用版本应在使用方之间的合同协议中确定。应提供经认证的三级人员，以协助解释适用于参考射线照片的规范和产品要求（如果三级人员是射线照相口译员，则可能是同一个人）。

1.1 This standard extends the application of steel casting Reference Radiographs E446 , E186 , and E280 when performing film radiography and Digital Reference Images E2868 and E3030 when performing digital radiography to ductile iron castings when determined appropriate for specific applications (see Section 4 ). 1.2 The reference radiograph films are an adjunct to Reference Radiographs E446 , E186 , or E280 , and must be purchased separately from ASTM International, if needed. Likewise, when performing digital radiography, the digital reference images are an adjunct to Digital Reference Images E2868 and E3030 and must be purchased separately from ASTM International, if needed (see 2.1 ). Categories and severity levels for each discontinuity type represented by these reference radiographs are described within each applicable standard above. Note 1: The basis of application for these reference radiographs requires a prior purchaser supplier agreement of radiographic examination attributes and classification criterion as described in Sections 4 , 5 , and 6 of this standard. 1.3 From time to time, there may be minor changes to the process for manufacturing of the reference radiograph adjunct materials. These changes could include changes in the films or processing chemicals used, changes in the dies or printing for the cardboard mats, etc.; however, in all cases, these changes are reviewed by the Illustration Monitoring Subcommittee and all reference radiographs are reviewed against a fixed prototype image to ensure that there are no changes to the acceptance level represented by the reference radiographs. Therefore, the adjunct reference radiographs remain valid for use with this standard regardless of the date of production or the revision level of the text standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 The casting process has demonstrated radiographic similarities between internal discontinuities for ductile cast iron and cast steel to the extent that the reference radiographs for steel castings are applicable. The exact application and usage of discontinuity classifications contained within steel casting reference radiographs must, however, give consideration to the differences in material properties between cast steel and ductile cast iron. In some applications, reference radiographs for steel castings may not be entirely applicable to ductile cast iron material dependent upon design or other usage criteria. 4.2 When employing steel casting reference radiographs to evaluate ductile iron castings for film radiography, the applicable E446 , E186 , or E280 steel casting written standard shall also be used for specific guidance and evaluation procedures. When employing digital radiographic methods, the digital reference images in Digital Reference Images E2868 and E3030 shall be used. 4.3 These reference radiographs are intended as a basis from which manufacturers and purchasers may, by mutual agreement, select particular discontinuity classes to serve as standards representing minimum levels of acceptability. Reference radiographs represented by these steel casting standards may be used, as agreed upon in a purchaser supplier agreement, for radiation energy levels, thicknesses, or both, outside the range of these standards when determined applicable for the casting service application 4.4 Personnel utilizing reference radiographs to this standard shall be qualified and authorized to perform radiographic interpretation in accordance with a nationally or internationally recognized NDT personnel qualification practice or standard such as ANSI/ASNT-CP-189, SNT-TC-1A, NAS 410, ISO 9712, or a similar document and certified by the employer or certifying agency, as applicable. The practice or standard used and its applicable revision shall be identified in the contractual agreement between the using parties. A certified Level III shall be available to assist with interpreting specifications and product requirements as applied to the reference radiographs (if the Level III is the radiographic interpreter, this may be the same person).