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Occupant Perceptions of an Indoor Thermal Environment in a Naturally Ventilated Building 居住者对自然通风建筑室内热环境的感知
作为绿色建筑计划的一部分,目前正大力强调使用自然通风作为提供安全健康室内环境的手段。人们对开发自然通风设计策略越来越感兴趣,这种策略可以为建筑内部提供足够的新鲜空气,同时有效地控制室内空气质量,同时提供显著的节能效果。在自然通风的空间中,在建筑外部和内部之间提供合适的空气交换率可以创造一个热舒适和健康的室内环境。然而,必须进行空气交换,以确保建筑物的室内空气质量不受影响,并保持居住者的热舒适条件。建筑大厅是最近在西雅图华盛顿大学校园重新装修的自然通风建筑。该建筑的自然通风采用多种实验技术进行评估,包括测量二氧化碳(CO2)水平、空气交换率和空气流速。 高二氧化碳浓度是一个很好的指标,表明空间中的通风率不足和空气流动不良。因此,许多标准和认证计划规定了基于占用空间中二氧化碳浓度的室外空气监测的使用。根据美国环境保护局的一项研究,还进行了住户调查,以了解和分析住户对室内热环境的看法,并确定任何与建筑相关的疾病症状的患病率。本文将重点讨论乘客调查的结果,以及它们与自然通风空间中测量的CO2水平、空气交换率和空气速度之间的关系。建筑大厅的自然通风功能主要由气候驱动。特别是在11月至3月期间,室外温度非常低,尽管大量居住者对室内环境质量不满意,但居住者很少打开窗户。 因此,二氧化碳浓度始终超过可接受的水平,记录的空气流动非常少。引用:ASHRAE Trans。,第118卷第。德克萨斯州圣安东尼奥2号
A strong emphasis is currently being placed on the use of natural ventilation as a means for providing a safe and healthful indoor environment as part of green building programs. There has been an increasing interest in developing natural ventilation design strategies that can furnish adequate fresh air to the building interior and simultaneously control the indoor air quality effectively, while providing significant energy savings. In naturally ventilated spaces, furnishing a suitable air exchange rate between the building exterior and interior can create a thermally comfortable and healthy indoor environment. However, the air exchange must occur such that the indoor air quality of the building is not compromised and thermally comfortable conditions for the occupants can be maintained.Architecture Hall is a recently renovated, naturally ventilated building located on the University of Washington campus in Seattle. The natural ventilation in this building was evaluated using a variety of experimental techniques, which included measurement of carbon dioxide (CO2) levels, air exchange rates and air velocities. High CO2 concentrations are a good indicator of inadequate ventilation rates and poor air movement in a space. Hence, a number of standards and certification programs specify the use of outdoor air monitoring based on CO2 concentrations in an occupied space. Occupant surveys, based on a U.S. EPA study, were also administered to understand and analyze occupant perceptions about the indoor thermal environment and to identify the prevalence of any building related illness symptoms.The discussion in this paper will focus on the findings of the occupant surveys and how they relate to the measured CO2 levels, air exchange rates and air velocities in the naturally ventilated spaces. The natural ventilation function in Architecture Hall is largely climate driven. For the period of November through March particularly, outside temperatures are quite low and windows are seldom opened by the occupants, in spite of a large number of occupants being dissatisfied with the indoor environmental quality. Consequently, CO2 concentrations consistently exceed acceptable levels and very little air movement is recorded.
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