Studies were conducted with particles obtained from a drinking water distribution system. Upon nutrient addition, both the indigenous attached population of bacteria and added coliforms accumulated in association with the particles. This dramatic increase in numbers of organisms associated with the particles was not reflected in plate counts of the particle-containing water. These results indicate the potential role of surfaces in harboring organisms that are not detected by sampling the bulk water--until the bacteria are suddenly released into the water. Includes 30 references, figures.