1.1 本指南定义了测试或比较声发射传感器性能的简单经济程序。这些程序允许用户检查传感器的劣化情况，或选择性能几乎相同的传感器组。这些程序无法提供传感器的绝对校准，也无法确保组织之间数据集的可传输性。 1.2 单位- 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准值。本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.3 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.4 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 3.1 声发射数据受仪器的几个特性影响。其中最明显的是系统灵敏度。在影响灵敏度的所有参数和组件中，声发射传感器是最容易变化的。这种变化可能是损坏或老化的结果，或者名义上相同的传感器之间可能存在变化。 为了检测这种变化，需要一种测量传感器对声波响应的方法。检查传感器的具体目的包括:( 1. )检查其响应随时间的稳定性；( 2. )检查传感器在事故或滥用后是否可能损坏；( 3. )比较多通道系统中使用的多个传感器，以确保其响应充分匹配；和( 4. )检查热循环或暴露于恶劣环境后的反应。务必使用相同的传感器电缆长度和阻抗以及相同的前置放大器或等效物测量传感器特性，这一点非常重要。 本指南介绍了测量传感器响应的几个步骤。其中一些程序至少需要特殊设备。 3.2 本指南的目的不是评估AE系统性能。参考实践 E750 有关声学仪器的特征，请参阅指南 E2374 用于AE系统性能验证。 3.3 本指南中给出的程序旨在测量声发射传感器对任意但可重复的声波的响应。这些程序在 不 构成传感器校准的方式。传感器的绝对校准需要完全了解激励传感器或先前校准的参考传感器的声波特性。 在任何一种情况下，这种校准都超出了本指南的范围。 3.4 比较传感器响应的基本要求是可重复声波的来源。只要可以随意复制波，就不需要知道波的特性。本指南中给出的震源和几何形状将主要产生压缩波。虽然传感器对不同类型的波的响应不同，但对一种波的响应变化将意味着对其他类型波的响应变化。 3.5 这些程序使用试块或试棒。这样的装置为传感器提供了一个方便的安装面，当适当标记时，可以确保光源和传感器始终相对彼此相同。 该装置或杆还提供与实际使用中类似的传感器机械负载。使用这些设备时必须小心，以尽量减少共振，使传感器的特性不会被这些共振掩盖。 3.6 这些程序仅允许在同一测试设置上比较响应。无论是在同一个实验室还是在不同的实验室，都不应尝试比较不同测试设置的响应。

1.1 This guide defines simple economical procedures for testing or comparing the performance of acoustic emission sensors. These procedures allow the user to check for degradation of a sensor or to select sets of sensors with nearly identical performances. The procedures are not capable of providing an absolute calibration of the sensor nor do they assure transferability of data sets between organizations. 1.2 Units— The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 3.1 Acoustic emission data is affected by several characteristics of the instrumentation. The most obvious of these is the system sensitivity. Of all the parameters and components contributing to the sensitivity, the acoustic emission sensor is the one most subject to variation. This variation can be a result of damage or aging, or there can be variations between nominally identical sensors. To detect such variations, it is desirable to have a method for measuring the response of a sensor to an acoustic wave. Specific purposes for checking sensors include: ( 1 ) checking the stability of its response with time; ( 2 ) checking the sensor for possible damage after accident or abuse; ( 3 ) comparing a number of sensors for use in a multichannel system to ensure that their responses are adequately matched; and ( 4 ) checking the response after thermal cycling or exposure to a hostile environment. It is very important that the sensor characteristics be always measured with the same sensor cable length and impedance as well as the same preamplifier or equivalent. This guide presents several procedures for measuring sensor response. Some of these procedures require a minimum of special equipment. 3.2 It is not the intent of this guide to evaluate AE system performance. Refer to Practice E750 for characterizing acoustic instrumentation and refer to Guide E2374 for AE system performance verification. 3.3 The procedures given in this guide are designed to measure the response of an acoustic emission sensor to an arbitrary but repeatable acoustic wave. These procedures in no way constitute a calibration of the sensor. The absolute calibration of a sensor requires a complete knowledge of the characteristics of the acoustic wave exciting the sensor or a previously calibrated reference sensor. In either case, such a calibration is beyond the scope of this guide. 3.4 The fundamental requirement for comparing sensor responses is a source of repeatable acoustic waves. The characteristics of the wave do not need to be known as long as the wave can be reproduced at will. The sources and geometries given in this guide will produce primarily compressional waves. While the sensors will respond differently to different types of waves, changes in the response to one type of wave will imply changes in the responses to other types of waves. 3.5 These procedures use a test block or rod. Such a device provides a convenient mounting surface for the sensor and when appropriately marked, can ensure that the source and the sensor are always positioned identically with respect to each other. The device or rod also provides mechanical loading of the sensor similar to that experienced in actual use. Care must be taken when using these devices to minimize resonances so that the characteristics of the sensor are not masked by these resonances. 3.6 These procedures allow comparison of responses only on the same test setup. No attempt should be made to compare responses on different test setups, whether in the same or separate laboratories.