对两个公共供水系统进行了冲洗和使用点（POU）离子交换装置试验，以降低铜和铅浓度，使其高于建议水平。铜和铅含量升高的原因是水源水与管道材料的反应。位于分配系统上游的水槽冲洗有效。在配电系统远端的一个饮水机上，这是无效的。这些结果表明，冲洗的成功与否可能取决于建筑物中的出口位置，这与配水系统长度和水与管道材料接触的停留时间有关。离子交换装置能够去除饮用水中的铜；然而，在突破时，铜浓度升高超过了行动水平。需要经常更换滤筒或自动再生离子交换装置，以确保符合饮用水标准。

Flushing and a point-of-use (POU) ion exchange unit were tested as a means to reduce copper and lead concentrations, that are above the recommended levels, in two public water supplies. Elevated copper and lead levels are attributed to the reaction of the source water with plumbing materials. Flushing was effective at a sink that was located upstream in the distribution system. It was ineffective at a water fountain located at the far end of the distribution system. These results indicate that the success of flushing may depend on the outlet location in the building, which relates to the distribution system length and the residence time of water in contact with plumbing materials. The ion exchange unit was capable of removing copper in drinking water; however, at breakthrough, elevated copper concentrations exceeded the action level. Frequent replacement of the cartridge or an automatically-regenerating ion exchange unit would be necessary to ensure that drinking water standards are met.