1.1 本测试方法提供了直流磁导仪测试，用于测试棒材、棒材、线材或带材试样形式的软磁性材料的基本磁特性，这些材料可从铸造、压实、烧结、锻造、挤压、轧制或其他制造材料中切割、机加工或研磨而成。它包括确定对称循环磁化（SCM）条件下的正常感应和在直流磁场强度的快速变化或陡峭波前反转条件下的磁滞回路（B-H回路）的测试。 这种方法在历史上被称为弹道试验方法。用于测试硬质或永久磁铁材料的试验方法 A977/A977米 应使用。 1.2 本试验方法应与实践结合使用 A34/A34米 . 1.3 该测试方法通过使用多个磁导率计，涵盖了从约0.05Oe[4A/m]到高于5000Oe[400kA/m]的样品磁场强度范围。单独的渗透率计在几个重叠范围内覆盖该测试区域。 1. 4. 对于大多数材料，可以在从基本上为零到饱和感应的磁通密度范围内确定正常感应和磁滞特性。 1.5 每个磁导率计的有用磁场强度范围建议如所示 表1 . 2. 特别适用于软磁性材料一般测试的磁导率计以黑体显示。另请参见章节 3. 和 4. 对于渗透计使用的一般限制。 1.6 本测试方法中使用的符号和缩写定义以 图1 以及本文件的适当章节。官方定义见术语 340美元 注意，本文中使用的术语磁通密度与术语磁感应同义。 图1 使用渗透计的基本电路 注1: A. 1. -多量程电流表（主电流） A. 2. -多量程安培计（滞后电流） B -开关磁通密度测试位置 S 3. F -电子通量计 H -开关磁场强度测试位置 S 3. N 1. -磁化线圈 N 2. -磁通量传感( B )线圈，线圈 N 3. -磁场强度( H )感应线圈 R 1. -主电流控制变阻器 R 2. -磁滞电流控制变阻器 S 1. -磁化电流换向开关 S 2. -磁滞电流控制变阻器分流开关 S 3. -通量计选择开关 SP试样 1.7 警告- 环保署和许多国家机构已将汞列为一种有害物质，可导致中枢神经系统、肾脏和肝脏受损。汞或其蒸气可能对健康有害，对材料具有腐蚀性。 处理汞和含汞产品时应小心。有关详细信息，请参阅适用产品材料安全数据表（MSDS）和EPA网站( http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm )了解更多信息。用户应意识到，州法律可能禁止在贵州销售汞或含汞产品，或两者兼而有之。 1.8 以惯用单位（cgs-emu和英磅）或国际单位制表示的数值和方程式应单独视为标准。在本标准中，国际单位制单位显示在括号内，但有关计算的章节除外，其中各单位制有单独的章节。 每个系统中规定的值可能不完全相等；因此，每个系统应独立使用。将两个系统的值合并可能导致不符合本标准。 1.9 本标准并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前建立适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.10 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 =====意义和用途====== 3.1 磁导率计需要使用磁轭来完成磁路，因此固有地比环形测试方法精度低。 参考测试方法 A596/A596米 有关环测试方法的更多详细信息。然而，当测试某些形状的棒材或要求磁场强度超过200 Oe[16 kA/m]时，磁导率计是测量磁性的唯一实用手段。 3.2 该测试方法适用于规范验收、服务评估、研发和设计。 3.3 当试样由较大的样品制成，且与较大的样品处于相同的状态时，其可能不会表现出代表原始样品的磁性。 在这种情况下，当结合过去的性能历史来看时，测试结果将有助于判断材料对预期应用的适用性。

1.1 This test method provides dc permeameter tests for the basic magnetic properties of soft magnetic materials in the form of bars, rods, wire, or strip specimens which may be cut, machined, or ground from cast, compacted, sintered, forged, extruded, rolled, or other fabricated materials. It includes tests for determination of the normal induction under symmetrically cyclically magnetized (SCM) conditions and the hysteresis loop (B-H loop) taken under conditions of rapidly changing or steep wavefront reversals of the direct current magnetic field strength. This method has been historically referred to as the ballistic test method. For testing hard or permanent magnet materials, Test Method A977/A977M shall be used. 1.2 This test method shall be used in conjunction with Practice A34/A34M . 1.3 This test method covers a range of magnetic field strength in the specimen from about 0.05 Oe [4 A/m] up to above 5000 Oe [400 kA/m] through the use of several permeameters. The separate permeameters cover this test region in several overlapping ranges. 1.4 Normal induction and hysteresis properties may be determined over the magnetic flux density range from essentially zero to the saturation induction for most materials. 1.5 Recommendations of the useful magnetic field strength range for each of the permeameters are shown in Table 1 . 2 Permeameters particularly well suited for general testing of soft magnetic materials are shown in boldface. Also, see Sections 3 and 4 for general limitations relative to the use of permeameters. 1.6 The symbols and abbreviated definitions used in this test method appear with Fig. 1 and in appropriate sections of this document. For the official definitions, see Terminology A340 . Note that the term magnetic flux density used in this document is synonymous with the term magnetic induction. FIG. 1 Basic Circuit Using Permeameter Note 1: A 1 —Multirange ammeter (main current) A 2 —Multirange ammeter (hysteresis current) B —Magnetic flux density test position for Switch S 3 F —Electronic Fluxmeter H —Magnetic field strength test position for Switch S 3 N 1 —Magnetizing coil N 2 —Magnetic flux sensing ( B ) coil N 3 —Magnetic field strength ( H ) sensing coil R 1 —Main current control rheostat R 2 —Hysteresis current control rheostat S 1 —Reversing switch for magnetizing current S 2 —Shunting switch for hysteresis current control rheostat S 3 —Fluxmeter selector switch SP—Specimen 1.7 Warning— Mercury has been designated by EPA and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website ( http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm ) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibited by state law. 1.8 The values and equations stated in customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within this standard, SI units are shown in brackets except for the sections concerning calculations where there are separate sections for the respective unit systems. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with this standard. 1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 3.1 Permeameters require the use of yokes to complete the magnetic circuit and are therefore inherently less accurate than ring test methods. Refer to Test Method A596/A596M for further details on ring test methods. However, when testing certain shapes as bars or when magnetic field strength in excess of 200 Oe [16 kA/m] is required, permeameters are the only practical means of measuring magnetic properties. 3.2 This test method is suitable for specification acceptance, service evaluation, research and development and design. 3.3 When the test specimen is fabricated from a larger sample and is in the same condition as the larger sample, it may not exhibit magnetic properties representative of the original sample. In such instances the test results, when viewed in context of past performance history, will be useful for judging the suitability of the material for the intended application.