本powerpoint演示首先简要概述盐水最小化 以及97%回收率和盐水最小化技术下的零液体排放（ZLD）。初步研究的目标是:确定实际的通量率、限制因素， 结垢趋势和工艺稳定性 两个平行的反渗透（RO）工艺； 证明消除液体污染是可行的 从内陆向接收水域排放 膜处理系统；和 证明盐水最小化和 ZLD技术与典型的 市政水处理厂（WTP）运营。LPRO浓缩液的软化和pH值降低 防止过饱和矿物沉淀在 高回收率反渗透螺旋元件。广泛的化学预处理，以防止 并非所有矿物的沉淀都是正常的 VSEPTM过程中需要。该试验研究具有代表性 许多咸水地下水的供应 科罗拉多。给出了高回收率RO、VSEP、ZLD总成本影响和盐结晶的结论。包括表格、数字。

This powerpoint presentation begins by providing a brief overview of brine minimization and zero liquid discharge (ZLD) at 97% recovery and brine minimization technologies. Pilot study objectives were to: determine realistic flux rates, limiting factors, fouling tendencies, and process stability of two parallel reverse osmosis (RO) processes; demonstrate it is feasible to eliminate liquid discharges to receiving waters from inland membrane treatment systems; and, demonstrate that brine minimization and ZLD technologies are compatible with typical municipal water treatment plant (WTP) operations. Softening and pH lowering of the LPRO concentrate prevents precipitation of supersaturated minerals in the high recovery RO spiral elements. Extensive chemical pretreatment to prevent precipitation of all minerals is not usually required in the VSEPTM process. The pilot study RO concentrate is representative of many brackish groundwater supplies in Colorado. Conclusions are given for high recovery RO, VSEP, ZLD overall cost implications, and salt crystallization. Includes tables, figures.