1.1 这些试验方法包括测定从湖泊、水库、池塘、溪流和其他水体采集的水和废水样本中的沉积物浓度。在湖泊和其他静止水体中，样品中的沉积物浓度几乎等于采样点的浓度；在大多数情况下，样品浓度不受采集技术的强烈影响。在河流和其他流动水体中，样本中沉积物的浓度取决于样本的采集方式。等速采集的样本中的浓度可以乘以排水量，以获得采样点附近的泥沙排放量。 1.2 农业研究局、地质调查局、国家资源保护局、复垦局和其他负责研究水体的机构使用这些试验方法中给出的程序。这些测试方法改编自实验室程序手册 2. 和质量保证计划。 3. 1.3 这些试验方法包括: 小节 试验方法A-蒸发 8. 到 13 试验方法B-过滤 14 到 19 试验方法C-湿筛-过滤 20 到 25 1.4 试验方法A仅适用于在分配的样品储存时间（通常为几天到几周）内沉降的沉积物。如果溶解，则必须应用校正系数- 固体浓度超过约10 % 泥沙浓度。 1.5 试验方法B只能用于砂浓度小于10%的样品 000 ppm，粘土浓度小于约200 ppm。沉积物不需要沉淀，因为过滤器用于将水与沉积物分离。不需要溶解固体的校正系数。 1.6 如果需要两个浓度值，则可以使用试验方法C:一个用于砂粒，另一个用于淤泥和粘土粒的组合。淤泥-粘土部分不需要可沉降。 1.7 这些试验方法不得与试验方法中讨论的浊度测量相混淆 D1889 . 浊度是样品的光学特性，导致光线散射和吸收；这不是对样品中沉积物质量或浓度的准确测量。 1.8 这些试验方法包含一些类似于试验方法的程序 D1888 用于测量水中的颗粒物和溶解物。 1.9 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准值。本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.10 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.11 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 悬浮沉积物样本包含具有多种物理特性的颗粒。通过提出替代方法，这些测试方法允许在选择最适用于所研究特定样品的分析方法时有一定的自由度。 4.2 含沙量数据用于多种目的，包括: ( 1. )计算河流悬浮泥沙流量或流域产沙量( 2. )调度工业和生活供水的处理，以及( 3. )估算农药、植物营养素和重金属在沉积物颗粒表面或内部的排放量。

1.1 These test methods cover the determination of sediment concentrations in water and wastewater samples collected from lakes, reservoirs, ponds, streams, and other water bodies. In lakes and other quiescent-water bodies, concentrations of sediment in samples are nearly equal to concentrations at sampling points; in most instances, sample concentrations are not strongly influenced by collection techniques. In rivers and other flowing-water bodies, concentrations of sediment in samples depend upon the manner in which the samples are collected. Concentrations in isokinetically-collected samples can be multiplied by water discharges to obtain sediment discharges in the vicinity of the sampling points. 1.2 The procedures given in these test methods are used by the Agricultural Research Service, Geological Survey, National Resources Conservation Service, Bureau of Reclamation, and other agencies responsible for studying water bodies. These test methods are adapted from a laboratory-procedure manual 2 and a quality-assurance plan. 3 1.3 These test methods include: Sections Test Method A—Evaporation 8 to 13 Test Method B—Filtration 14 to 19 Test Method C—Wet-Sieving-Filtration 20 to 25 1.4 Test Method A can be used only on sediments that settle within the allotted storage time of the samples which usually ranges from a few days to a few weeks. A correction factor must be applied if dissolved-solids concentration exceeds about 10 % of the sediment concentration. 1.5 Test Method B can be used only on samples containing sand concentrations less than about 10 000 ppm and clay concentrations less than about 200 ppm. The sediment need not be settleable because filters are used to separate water from the sediment. Correction factors for dissolved solids are not required. 1.6 Test Method C can be used if two concentration values are required: one for sand-size particles and one for the combination of silt and clay-size particles. The silt-clay fraction need not be settleable. 1.7 These test methods must not be confused with turbidity measurements discussed in Test Method D1889 . Turbidity is the optical property of a sample that causes light rays to be scattered and absorbed; it is not an accurate measure of the mass or concentration of sediment in the sample. 1.8 These test methods contain some procedures similar to those in Methods of Test D1888 which pertains to measuring particulate and dissolved matter in water. 1.9 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 Suspended-sediment samples contain particles with a wide variety of physical characteristics. By presenting alternate approaches, these test methods allow latitude in selecting analysis methods that work best with the particular samples under study. 4.2 Sediment-concentration data are used for many purposes that include: ( 1 ) computing suspended-sediment discharges of streams or sediment yields of watersheds, ( 2 ) scheduling treatments of industrial and domestic water supplies, and ( 3 ) estimating discharges of pesticides, plant nutrients, and heavy metals transported on surfaces or inside sediment particles.