1.1 本规程旨在定量评估釉面陶瓷表面的抗菌活性，这些表面专门设计为包含抗菌处理，作为釉面的一部分。本规程旨在使用所述条件比较一个陶瓷表面与另一个陶瓷表面的功效，而不是外推到其他条件。 1.2 本实践要求具备微生物学技术知识。 1.3 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准值。本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.4 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。 本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.5 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 当前的固体表面测试方法，如测试方法 E2180 和ISO 22196，不考虑与陶瓷表面相关的复杂性。 这包括但不限于，由于通过bisque主体吸水，釉料和干燥中加入了不同的化学成分。以下将详细阐述每一点: 5.1.1 瓷砖的釉料成分可能因制造商、批次和产品线而异。一些釉料化学物质，如锡、银和铜，会对测试条件产生负面影响。因此，来自同一批次的未处理瓷砖并不总是适合进行比较。本文提出的控制砖能够在指定的时间框架和营养水平上支持生长（见第节） 9 ). 5.1.2 测试瓷砖表面时，干燥是一个常见问题。 这可以通过将试样放在湿润的抹布上预水化瓷砖来克服，并在开始测试之前让其培养18到24小时。这减少了假阳性结果的数量，并更准确地测量了抗菌剂抑制生长的能力。 5.2 这种做法利用低接种量，需要在对照基质上生长，以证明有效的测试环境。此外，虽然一些抗菌剂对静态培养有活性，但其他抗菌剂需要细菌生长才能保持活性。低接种量将允许在相同的测试条件下检查两种类型的抗菌剂。

1.1 This practice is designed to quantitatively evaluate the antibacterial activity of glazed ceramic surfaces that have been specifically designed to contain an antibacterial treatment as part of the glaze. This practice is meant to compare the efficacy of one ceramic surface to another ceramic surface using the stated conditions and is not meant to be extrapolated to other conditions. 1.2 Knowledge of microbiological techniques is required for this practice. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 Current solid surface test methodologies, such as the Test Method E2180 and ISO 22196, do not take into account the complexities associated with a ceramic surface. This includes, but is not limited to, differing chemistries incorporated into the glaze and desiccation due to water absorption through the bisque body. Each point will be elaborated below: 5.1.1 The glaze composition of ceramic tiles can vary between manufacturers, lots, and product lines. Some glaze chemistries such as tin, silver and copper can negatively impact the testing conditions. Therefore, an untreated tile from the same lot is not always suitable for comparison. The control tile proposed herein is capable of supporting growth over the indicated time frame and nutrient level (see Section 9 ). 5.1.2 Desiccation is a common problem when testing tile surfaces. This can be overcome by pre-hydrating the tile by placing the specimen on a moistened wipe and allowing incubation for 18 to 24 h before beginning the test. This reduces the number of false positive results and more accurately measures the ability of the antimicrobial to inhibit growth. 5.2 This practice utilizes a low inoculum load and requires growth on the control substrate to demonstrate a valid testing environment. In addition, while some antimicrobials demonstrate activity against static cultures, others require growth of the bacteria to maintain activity. A low inoculum level will allow both types of antimicrobials to be examined with the same testing conditions.