In 2006, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) entered a cooperative agreement with the City of Cincinnati to deploy the first WaterSentinel System (WS)
contamination warning system pilot. Deployment of the
contamination warning system followed a systematic approach in which proposed enhancements were
planned, designed, implemented, tested, maintained, and ultimately refined. At each stage of deployment it is necessary to consider how the contamination warning system will be
operated on a routine basis. Furthermore, progression through the stages of deployment will shape the
manner in which the system is operated. This iterative cycle leads to the development of a concept of
operations for a contamination warning system that in turn informs the design, implementation, and
operation of the system. A concept of operations defines a process for routine operation of a drinking water contamination
warning system. The concept of operations establishes specific roles and responsibilities, process and
information flows, timelines, and checklists to support the systematic review of triggers to determine if
contamination is possible. If a "possible" contamination incident is identified through any of the
monitoring and surveillance components, the process outlined in the concept of operations seamlessly
transitions to consequence management activities including a determination regarding the credibility of
the incident (USEPA, 2007a). This paper describes the objectives and content of a concept of operations as
well as a framework for its development. Includes 4 references, table, figures.