根据一些估计，水泵占世界电力消耗的10%到20%（EERE 2001；格兰富2011）。不幸的是，大约三分之二的泵消耗了高达60%的能源（格兰富2011年），主要原因是流量控制效率低下。在泵电机上使用变频驱动器（VFD）来改变泵的速度是最有效的流量控制方法之一。因此，大约五分之一的美国公用事业公司对VFD进行激励（NCSU2014），其中许多驱动装置控制着泵送系统。然而，实地研究和研究表明，很少有变量- 流动系统是最优控制的，实际储蓄到理想储蓄的比例通常低至40%（KISSOCK2012；MAET A.2015；L. Song，俄克拉何马大学机械工程系助理教授，2013年7月，PES）。依赖Deal节能计算的公用事业激励计划可能会高估节能30%（Maxwell 2005）。之前的工作已经表明，改变电机效率、VFD效率和泵效率对节约成本的重要性（Bernier和Bourret，1999年；Maxwell，2005年）。这项工作考虑了由于过多旁通流量、控制传感器的位置和设定点以及控制算法而导致的实际和理想节约之间的差异。 本文通过模拟、实验数据和现场测量，研究了这些因素对节能的影响。一般来说，当旁路被最小化或消除，用于控制的压力传感器位于最远程的终端使用附近，并且压力控制设定点被最小化时，节能效果会增加。引用:2016年年度会议，密苏里州圣路易斯，2016年交易，第122卷。2.

According to some estimates, pumps account for between10% and 20% of world electricity consumption (EERE 2001;Grundfos 2011). Unfortunately, about two-thirds of all pumpsuse up to 60% too much energy (Grundfos 2011), primarilybecause of inefficient flow control. Varying pump speed usinga variable-frequency drive (VFD) on the pump motor is one ofthe most efficient methods of flow control. As a consequence,about one-fifth of all U.S. utilities incentivize VFDs (NCSU2014), and many of these drives control pumping systems.However, field studies and research show that few variable-flow systems are optimally controlled, and the fraction ofactual to ideal savings is frequently as low as 40% (Kissock2012; Maet al.2015; L.Song, Assistant Professor, Departmentof Mechanical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, pers.comm., July, 2013). Utility incentive programs that rely onideal energy saving calculations could overestimate savingsby30% (Maxwell 2005).Previous work has shown the importance of changing motor efficiency, VFD efficiency, and pump efficiency on savings (Bernier and Bourret 1999; Maxwell 2005). This work considers the difference between actual and ideal savings caused by excess bypass flow, positions and setpoints of control sensors, and control algorithms. This paper examines the influence of these factors on energy savings using simulations, experimental data, and field measurements. In general, energy savings are increased when bypass is minimized or eliminated, pressure sensors for control are located near the most remote end use, and the pressure control setpoint is minimized.