本幻灯片概述了两个案例研究，其中: 扩展周期仿真（EPS）建模 用于评估水龄和水源追踪；和 利用操作上的修改来提高效率 减少水龄。梅萨市就是一个例子 运行对水龄的影响，林肯供水系统是运行和储存对水的影响的一个例子 年龄林肯水系统案例研究的研究要素包括 说明配水系统水龄对 水库位置， 泵站运行，以及 水在分配系统中的运动 系统所涉及的方法:配电系统的需求面积（负荷）介于 泵站和立管； 3例手术病例； 系统配置和要求三者完全相同 病例； 修改泵站操作控制；和 40天每股收益分析 平衡1天（24小时）和 重复40天以达到平衡。

This slide presentation outlines two case studies where: Extended Period Simulation (EPS) modeling is used to evaluate water age and source trace; and, operational modifications were utilized to reduce water age. The City of Mesa is presented as an example of operational impacts on water age, the Lincoln Water System is presented as an example of operational and storage impacts on water age. Study elements for the Lincoln Water System case study included illustrating distribution system water age impacts on reservoir location, pump station operation, and water movement through a distribution system. The methodology involved: distribution system with demand area (load) between pumping station and standpipe; three operational cases; system configuration and demands identical for all three cases; pump station operational controls modified; and, 40-day EPS analysis balanced for 1-day (24 hours) and repeated for 40-days to achieve equilibrium.