1.1 本规程定义并总结了评估特定场地岩溶条件可能对场地开发产生的潜在不利影响的各种程序，包括拟议的施工或场地管理以及对资源的影响。受影响的资源可能包括水质、供水、洞穴或含水层动物和/或文化或科学资源。岩溶对场地开发的影响包括坍塌和沉降、不同的路基条件（例如，浅基岩、孔隙、软土等）。 )，承载力不均匀，开挖困难，排水困难。目标是确定相关条件，以供选址和设计时考虑。旨在提供各种行动方案，为规划和实施场地特征化计划提供合理的框架，以确定可能影响或受场地开发影响的潜在岩溶条件，从而进行场地适宜性评估。值得注意的是，现场评估可以使用所包含程序的任何组合 1.2 由于场地位于已绘制或已确定的喀斯特地形中，因此场地的最终排名将属于以下类别之一: （1） 岩溶对场地使用和开发的影响可能很小（地下影响除外）； （2） 岩溶很可能会影响或有可能影响场地开发； （3） 岩溶将在该场地的未来规划和开发中发挥重要作用。 1.3 指导这一实践发展的目标是: （1） 综合并写入习惯做法 岩溶初步评价 ， （2） 促进高质量、标准化 岩溶初步评价 和 （3） 澄清的行业标准做法 岩溶初步评价 为这些评估提供协议，以协助设计专业人员、计划审查人员、公共工程官员和司法监管机构对现场开发和管理做出知情判断。 1.4 本规程的使用仅限于本节规定的范围。然而，该报告可能对现场特征描述和报告未涉及的工作感兴趣并有用。 包括对项目设计或施工过程的任何方面的建议都超出了本规范的范围。如果发现本规程的任何部分与当地法令或法规相冲突，应仔细考虑。这样的条件可能需要发证机构的正式变更。 1.5 这种做法提供了有组织的信息收集或一系列选择，不建议采取具体行动。本文件不能取代教育或经验，应与专业判断结合使用。 并非此做法的所有方面都适用于所有情况。本ASTM实践并不旨在代表或取代判断给定专业服务是否充分的护理标准，也不应在未考虑项目许多独特方面的情况下应用本文件。本文件标题中的“标准”一词仅表示该文件已通过ASTM共识程序批准。 1.6 没有受过专门培训或没有岩溶调查和评估方法经验的人员应向合格的专业人员寻求帮助。 本标准中所有提及的“合格专业人员”指的是具有适当经验的个人（如工程师、土壤科学家、地球物理学家、地质学家，包括工程地质学家或水文地质学家），如果当地法规要求，还包括适用的认证、许可证或注册。术语“工程”必须理解为与该合格专业人员的实践或活动相关。 1.7 本标准并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。 本标准的使用者有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.8 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 这种做法可以帮助合格的专业人员进行初步岩溶评估，并帮助设计专业人员、计划审查人员、公共工程官员和司法监管机构确定现场评估中应预期的最低要素。需要强调的是，本文提出的协议并非旨在取代详细的地下调查，也不是取代任何现有的岩溶法规或成文协议。 5.2 根据Gutiérrez等人。 ( 3. ) 重要的是要理解岩溶地形中的地质灾害与其他自然环境有很大不同。这些地质灾害因排水到地下的重定向和集中以及岩溶开口上方土壤或其他自然覆盖物的移除而加剧。岩溶系统往往无法控制强降雨和山洪的影响，导致天坑的形成和/或重新激活、土壤沉降或斜坡运动，而这些影响因人类对自然排水的改变而被夸大。 此外，岩溶水文地质系统固有的过滤不足可能导致各种水性污染物的运输和迁移，包括但不限于病原体、重金属、沉积物、游离产物和溶解相化学品，以及吸附在沉积物上的残余相污染物。通过分级移除覆盖层将减少对地下空洞的支撑，并增加坍塌或沉降的可能性，尤其是在地表水集中的地方。

1.1 This practice defines and summarizes various procedures for assessing specific sites for potential adverse impacts that karst conditions might have on site development including proposed construction or site management and impacts to the resource. Resources impacted may include water quality, water supply, cave, or aquifer fauna, and/or cultural or scientific resources. Karst impacts to site development include collapse and subsidence, differential subgrade conditions (for example, shallow bedrock, voids, soft soils, etc.), non-uniform bearing, excavation difficulty, and dewatering. The goal is to identify the relevant conditions for consideration in site selection and design. It is intended to offer various courses of actions that will provide a rational framework for planning and implementing a site characterization program to define potential karst conditions that might impact or be impacted by site development consideration for site suitability assessment. It is of note that the site assessment can use any combination of the included procedures 1.2 Since the site is in mapped or identified karst terrain, final ranking of a site will fit in one of the following categories: (1) There could be minimal karst influence (except subsurface influence) on site use and development; (2) It is likely that karst will influence or there is future potential that karst will influence site development; (3) Karst will play a significant role on future planning and development at the site. 1.3 Objectives guiding the development of this practice are: (1) to synthesize and put in writing customary practice for preliminary karst assessments , (2) to facilitate high quality, standardized preliminary karst assessments , and (3) to clarify an industry standard practice for preliminary karst assessments to provide a protocol for these assessments to assist design professionals, plan reviewers, public works officials, and jurisdictional regulators in making an informed judgment on site development and management. 1.4 The use of this practice is limited to the scope as set forth in this section. However, the report might be of interest and useful in endeavors that the site characterization and report do not address. It is beyond the scope of this practice to include recommendations to any facet of the project design or construction processes. Any portion of the scope of this practice should be considered carefully if it is found in conflict with local ordinances or regulations. Such a condition may require a formal variance from the issuing agency. 1.5 This practice offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM practice is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process. 1.6 Personnel not having specialized training or experience in karst survey and assessment methods should solicit assistance from qualified professionals. All references in this standard to the “qualified professional” refers to individuals (such as engineers, soil scientists, geophysicists, geologists including engineering geologists or hydrogeologists), who have the appropriate experience and, if required by local regulations, applicable certification, licensure or registration. The term “engineering” must be understood to be associated with the practices or activities of that qualified professional. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 This practice may serve to assist qualified professionals in conducting preliminary karst assessments, and helping design professionals, plan reviewers, public works officials, and jurisdictional regulators in determining the minimum elements that should be expected in a site evaluation. It should be emphasized that the protocol presented herein is not intended to serve as a substitute for detailed subsurface investigations, or to supersede any existing karst regulations or codified protocols. 5.2 According to Gutiérrez et al. ( 3 ) it is important to understand that geo-hazards in karst terrain differ considerably from other natural settings. These geo-hazards are exacerbated by the redirection and concentration of water draining into the subsurface and removal of soil or other natural cover over karst openings. The karst system is often unable to manage the effects of heavy rainfall and flash floods, resulting in the formation and/or reactivation of sinkholes, soil subsidence or slope movement, and these effects become exaggerated by human alteration of the natural drainage. In addition, the lack of filtration inherent to karst hydrogeologic systems can result in transport and migration of a diverse variety of water-borne contaminants, including but not limited to pathogens, heavy metals, sediments, free-product, and dissolved-phase chemicals, as well as residual-phase contaminants adsorbed on sediment. The removal of cover by grading will reduce support over cavities in the subsurface and increase the potential for collapse or subsidence, particularly where surface water concentration occurs.