1.1 本指南涵盖了使用测试试剂盒定量测定水和废水中分析物的一般注意事项。各种制造商可提供测试试剂盒，用于测定饮用水、地表水或地下水、生活和工业给水和废物以及发电和蒸汽提升用水中的各种分析物。看见 表1 有关可用于水中各种无机分析物的某些试剂盒类型的列表。 2. （A） Kit方法:A = 外观/浊度，C = 视觉比色法 = 去不去，P = 光度和T = 滴定法。 1.2 范围、检测限、灵敏度、准确度和对干扰的敏感性因试剂盒而异，具体取决于制造商选择的方法。在某些情况下，试剂盒设计为完全复制标准的官方测试方法- 设置组织，如官方分析化学家协会（AOAC）、美国公共卫生协会（APHA）、ASTM或美国环境保护局（USEPA）。在其他情况下，出于各种原因，例如为了提高性能、操作方便性或易用性，对官方测试方法进行了微小修改。可以对样品大小、试剂体积和浓度、时间和分析完成的细节进行调整。在其他情况下，可能会对官方测试方法进行重大更改，例如省略分析步骤、更改分析完成度、省略试剂或用一种试剂替换另一种试剂。试剂盒中的试剂通常组合在一起，以获得更少的数量，并使测试更易于使用。添加剂也可用于最小化干扰，并使试剂随时间更稳定。 试剂盒测试方法可能基于完全不同的技术，未经任何官方或标准制定组织批准。测试套件的组合多参数测试套件可以打包以方便地满足特定应用的要求。此类组合产品中的测试套件可用于对多个参数进行数十次测定。 1.3 测试试剂盒试剂填充通常可从制造商处获得。通过重复使用主要测试套件组件，重新填充可以节省成本。 1.4 由于不同分析物的试剂盒和方法存在很大差异，因此无法提供通用说明。相反，用户应遵循特定套件制造商提供的说明。 1.5 测试套件或套件组件不得在制造商的到期日后使用；用户有责任确定性能是否令人满意。 1.6 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准值。本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.7 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 有关具体的预防说明，请参阅第节 10 . 1.8 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 必须识别和测量水和废水中的无机成分，以支持有效的水质监测和控制计划。 目前，实现这一点的最简单、最实用和最具成本效益的方法之一是使用化学测试试剂盒和补液。ASTM STP 1102中有更详细的讨论。 5. 5.2 测试套件已被接受用于许多应用，包括常规监测、合规性报告、快速筛查、故障调查和跟踪污染源。 5.3 测试套件为用户提供了节省时间的优势。它们特别适合现场使用，通常易于使用。用户不需要具备高水平的技术专业知识。相对不熟练的员工可以接受培训，使用包括预混合液体试剂、预测量试剂（片剂、粉末或玻璃安瓿）和预测量样品（真空玻璃安瓿）的试剂盒进行准确测定。

1.1 This guide covers general considerations for the use of test kits for quantitative determination of analytes in water and wastewater. Test kits are available from various manufacturers for the determination of a wide variety of analytes in drinking water, surface or ground waters, domestic and industrial feedwaters and wastes, and water used in power generation and steam raising. See Table 1 for a listing of some of the types of kits that are available for various inorganic analytes in water. 2 (A) Kit Methodology: A = appearance/turbidity, C = visual colorimetric, GNG = go no go, P = photometric, and T = titrimetric. 1.2 Ranges, detection limits, sensitivity, accuracy, and susceptibility to interferences vary from kit to kit, depending on the methodology selected by the manufacturer. In some cases, kits are designed to replicate exactly an official test method of a standard-setting organization such as the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC), American Public Health Association (APHA), ASTM, or the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). In other cases, minor modifications of official test methods are made for various reasons, such as to improve performance, operator convenience, or ease of use. Adjustments may be made to sample size, reagent volumes and concentrations, timing, and details of the analytical finish. In yet other cases, major changes may be made to the official test method, such as the omission of analytical steps, change of the analytical finish, omission of reagents, or substitution of one reagent for another. Reagents in test kits are often combined to obtain a fewer number and make the test easier to use. Additives may also be used to minimize interferences and to make the reagent more stable with time. A kit test method may be based on a completely different technology, not approved by any official or standard-setting organization. Combinations of test kits—multi-parameter test kits—may be packaged to satisfy the requirements of a particular application conveniently. The test kits in such combination products may be used to make dozens of determinations of several parameters. 1.3 Test kit reagent refills are commonly available from manufacturers. Refills permit cost savings through reuse of the major test kit components. 1.4 Because of the wide differences among kits and methodologies for different analytes, universal instructions cannot be provided. Instead, the user should follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer of a particular kit. 1.5 A test kit or kit component should not be used after the manufacturer's expiration date; it is the user's responsibility to determine that the performance is satisfactory. 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 10 . 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 Inorganic constituents in water and wastewater must be identified and measured to support effective water quality monitoring and control programs. Currently, one of the simplest, most practical and cost effective means of accomplishing this is through the use of chemical test kits and refills. A more detailed discussion is presented in ASTM STP 1102. 5 5.2 Test kits have been accepted for many applications, including routine monitoring, compliance reporting, rapid screening, trouble investigation, and tracking contaminant source. 5.3 Test kits offer time-saving advantages to the user. They are particularly appropriate for field use and usually are easy to use. Users do not need to have a high level of technical expertise. Relatively unskilled staff can be trained to make accurate determinations using kits that include a premixed liquid reagent, premeasured reagent (tablets, powders, or glass ampoules), and premeasured sample (evacuated glass ampoules).