稳态水力计算机模型通常用于水利设施的设计 与水流、压力和质量应用相关的分析和操作控制。 使用计算机模型进行的典型分析包括确定管道尺寸、估算可用火灾 流量，管理氯残留，并将水龄降至最低。瞬态水力 模型虽然使用频率较低，但可用于评估瞬态压力对水的潜在影响 系统设备和水质；合理设计浪涌控制设备；还有 建立系统操作程序，最大限度地减少 瞬态压力。压力瞬变分析， 通常被称为涌浪或水锤分析，比传统分析更复杂 稳态水力分析，因此通常被忽略，而偏向于基本水力分析 计算估算、传统经验法则和工程判断。然而 开发新的和改进的瞬态分析软件和改进的计算机 处理器速度降低了主要障碍，即成本和难度 通常不允许在设计和运行中使用瞬态分析 水系统设施的管理。 在水系统和设备的设计和运行中使用瞬态水力模型 水系统设施是本文的重点，重点是 计算机模型分析。给出了典型的瞬态水力分析实例 展示这项技术的实用性。通过案例研究来说明原因 经验法则和基本的手工计算通常不能为充分的计算提供依据 瞬态控制和优化操作程序。 案例研究还提供了 不充分或过度设计可能产生的瞬态压力示例 电涌控制设备，通常在瞬态计算机模型 不进行分析，可能会显著恶化原始瞬态压力 问题。 包括2个参考文献、图表。

Steady-state hydraulic computer models are commonly used by water utilities for design analyses and operations control related to water flow, pressure, and quality applications. Typical analyses using computer models include sizing pipes, estimating available fire flows, managing chlorine residuals, and minimizing water age. Transient hydraulic models, though used less frequently, can be used to: evaluate the potential effects of transient pressures on water system equipment and water quality; properly design surge control equipment; and, to establish system operation procedures that minimize the occurrence and magnitude of transient pressures. Analysis of pressure transients, often referred to as surge or water hammer analysis, is more complex than traditional steady-state hydraulic analysis and is consequently often neglected in favor of basic hand calculated estimations, traditional rules of thumb, and engineering judgment. However, development of new and improved transient analysis software and improved computer processor speeds have reduced the primary obstacles, namely the expense and difficulty of analyses, which often preclude the use of transient analyses in the design and operation of water system facilities. The use of transient hydraulic models in the design and operation of water systems and water system facilities is the focus of this paper, with an emphasis on the need for computer model analyses. Typical transient hydraulic analyses examples are provided to demonstrate the usefulness of this technology. Case studies are used to demonstrate why rules of thumb and basic hand calculations often cannot provide the basis for adequate transient control and optimized operating procedures. The case studies also provide examples of transient pressures that could be developed by inadequate or over-designed surge control equipment, which are often specified when transient computer model analyses are not performed, and can significantly worsen the original transient pressure problems. Includes 2 references, figures.