科罗拉多州柯林斯堡市在试验期间进行了两次氟化物示踪试验 2006年2月17日至3月20日。第一项试验是用氟化物进行的 模式第二次试验是在第一次试验后立即进行的，试验中氟含量增加 模式 本研究旨在为以下方面提供数据: 验证并完善城市现有水资源地图的水力和水质校准 对预测的速度和流型进行建模并增加可信度； 增加对WDS内影响水质的因素的了解，并评估 消毒副产品的形成潜力和适当的采样位置，以及 WDS中的其他水质参数； 检查邻近水区内部连接供应的净化水的影响 关于水质； 遵守初始配电系统评估（IDSE）要求；和 检查与直接将污染物引入WDS相关的各种情况。 成功的示踪测试需要广泛的计划。这包括确定取样地点 位置、样本采集频率、开始每次示踪试验的时间、WD的测定 运行条件、与公众和参与设施的沟通、识别 支持取样、装配现场设备、记录取样协议的人员， 与实验室协调分析样品等。预期和准备响应 在示踪试验期间，改变条件也很重要。追踪试验的规划工作正在进行中 在第一次示踪剂试验前大约六个月开始，并随着一种 75页的计划文件，概述了示踪试验执行和应急计划的程序。 该市现有的WDS水力模型被用作支持准备工作的工具 追踪测试计划的一部分。需求数据集是使用历史2月至3月的需求数据开发的 在过去七年的记录中。 使用H2OMAP模型，对 在选择合适的方法时，估计并考虑氟浓度的降低/增加 取样地点、取样频率和每次试验的开始时间。进行了敏感性分析 在预期需求条件范围内执行，以验证采样协议。 在示踪剂试验期间，使用H2OMAP模型预测示踪剂可能的移动 在每次试验的初始阶段观察到的水力条件下，通过WDS 确保在采样过程中捕获氟化物前沿。示踪剂试验后，结果如下: 用于验证和重新验证- 校准水力模型，使其更接近观测数据。 示踪剂测试结果表明，H2OMAP水质之间存在极好的相关性 模拟和现场采样结果使液压系统具有高度的可信度 城市H2OMAP模型的校准及其在初始配电系统评估中的应用 （IDSE）合规性。包括数字。

Two fluoride tracer tests were performed by the City of Fort Collins, Colorado during the period of February 20, 2006 through March 17, 2006. The first test was conducted with fluoride in decreasing mode. The second test was conducted immediately following the first test with fluoride in increasing mode. The purpose of this study was to provide data to: verify and refine the hydraulic and water quality calibration of the City's existing H2OMAP model and increase confidence in predicted velocity and flow patterns; increase understanding of factors influencing water quality within the WDS as well as evaluate the formation potential of, and appropriate sampling locations for, disinfection byproducts and other water quality parameters in the WDS; examine the influence of treated water supplied from neighboring water district inter-connections on water quality; comply with Initial Distribution System Evaluation (IDSE) requirements; and, examine various scenarios related to the introduction of contaminants directly into the WDS. Successful tracer tests require extensive planning. This includes identification of sampling site locations, frequency of sample collection, time to start each tracer test, determination of WDS operational conditions, communication with the public and participating facilities, identification of staff to support sampling, assembling field equipment, documentation of sampling protocols, coordination with the laboratory analyzing samples, etc. Anticipation of, and preparation of response plans to, changed conditions during the tracer test is also essential. Planning for the tracer tests was begun approximately six months prior to the first tracer test and culminated with the development of a 75-page planning document outlining procedures for tracer test execution and contingency planning. The City's existing H2OMAP hydraulic model of its WDS was used as a tool to support preparation of the tracer test plan. Demand data sets were developed using historic February-March demand data for the previous seven years of record. Using the H2OMAP model, response times to decreasing/increasing fluoride concentrations were estimated and considered in the selection of sampling site locations, frequency of sampling, and time to begin each test. Sensitivity analyses were performed over the range of anticipated demand conditions to validate sampling protocols. During the tracer test, the H2OMAP model was used to predict the likely movement of the tracer through the WDS under the hydraulic conditions observed during the initial phases of each test to ensure that the fluoride front was captured during sampling. Following the tracer test, results were used to verify and re-calibrate the hydraulic model such that it more closely matched observed data. The results of tracer tests suggest excellent correlation between the H2OMAP water quality simulation and the field sampling results leading to a high degree of confidence in the hydraulic calibration of the City's H2OMAP model and its use for Initial Distribution System Evaluation (IDSE) compliance. Includes figures.